We describe a general logical framework, Justification Logic, for reasoning about epistemic justification. Justification Logic is based on classical propositional logic augmented by justification assertions t : F that read t is a justification for F. Justification Logic absorbs basic principles originating from both mainstream epistemology and the mathematical theory of proofs. It contributes t...

In recent years, there has been a lot of research in an attempt to provide a deeper understanding of optimal control models from a theoretical as well as an application point of view. In particular, an attractive feature of these models is that they provide good scheduling, production and inventory policies in a variety of settings. Furthermore, they approximate well the underlying stochasticit...

Argumentation schemes are forms of argument that capture stereotypical patterns of human reasoning, especially defeasible ones like argument from expert opinion, that have proved troublesome to view deductively or inductively. Much practical work has already been done on argumentation schemes, proving their worth in  [19], but more precise investigations are needed to formalize their structur...

the impact of installing process control systems can be expected in terms of performance improvements through reduced operating costs.  since these installations impose considerable capital expenditure, the profitability of the new systems should be economically justified. controlled variable trend was reconstructed by a combination of simple waves, which provided a means to simulate the effect...

In this paper, we will sketch the basic system of Justification Logic, which is a general logical framework for reasoning about epistemic justification. Justification Logic renders a new, evidence-based foundation for epistemic logic. As a case study, we compare formalizations of the Kripke ‘Red Barn’ scenario in modal epistemic logic and Justification Logic and show here that the latter provid...

In this paper, we will sketch the basic system of Justification Logic, which is a general logical framework for reasoning about epistemic justification. Justification Logic renders a new, evidence-based foundation for epistemic logic. As a case study, we compare formalizations of the Kripke ‘Red Barn’ scenario in modal epistemic logic and Justification Logic and show here that the latter provid...

This paper addresses the actual practice of justifying definitions in mathematics. First, I introduce the main account of this issue, namely Lakatos’s proof-generated definitions. Based on a case study of definitions of randomness in ergodic theory, I identify three other common ways of justifying definitions: natural-world-justification, condition-justification and redundancyjustification. Als...

I argue against the orthodox view of the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification. The view under criticism is: if p is propositionally justified for S in virtue of S’s having reason(s) R, and S believes p on the basis of R, then S’s belief that p is doxastically justified. I then propose and evaluate alternative accounts of the relationship between propositional and doxast...

The lottery paradox shows that the following three individually highly plausible theses are jointly incompatible: (i) highly probable propositions are justifiably believable, (ii) justified believability is closed under conjunction introduction, (iii) known contradictions are not justifiably believable. This paper argues that a satisfactory solution to the lottery paradox must reject (i) as ver...

This paper presents a discussion on the phenomena of masking in the context of justifications for entailments. Various types of masking are introduced and a definition for each type is given.