A critical review of seismic design provisions for concentrically braced frames (CBFs) in both European and North American (i.e. US and Canadian) codes is presented in this paper. Indeed, even though those codes are based on capacity design philosophy, different requirements and different approaches are used to guarantee the hierarchy of resistances between dissipative and non-dissipative eleme...

The design of steel chevron-braced frames as per Eurocode 8 is based on the idea that only braces should buckle and yield during ground motions, while other members remain elastic. elastic braced also allowed. However, in both cases, seismic performance frame may be compromised because premature yielding/buckling columns. This paper proposes an alternative procedure promotes yielding beams addi...

Design and detailing requirements of seismic provisions for concentrically braced frames ~CBF! were specified based on the premise that bracing members with low KL /r and b / t will have superior seismic performance. However, relatively few tests investigate the cyclic behavior of CBF. It is legitimate to question whether the compression member of CBF plays as significant a role as what has bee...

This paper experimentally investigates the cyclic inelastic performance of concentrically braced frames with and without cold formed steel stud ~CFSS! infills designed to laterally restrain braces and delay their buckling. Specimens have either diagonal tube or solid bar braces with and without CFSS and U brackets providing out-of-plane and in-plane buckling restraint. Behavioral characteristic...

conventional methods for seismic design of structures are based on building capacity. because of the disadvantages of conventional methods, base isolation system  is known as an effective solution to protect structures against earthquakes. in this study the operation of 2-storey steel frame with and without seismic isolators under near-fault earthquake of chichi، northridge and  capemendocine  ...

Eight phospholipases A2 (PLAs) and four three-finger-toxins (3FTx) from the pooled venom of Bungarus fasciatus (Bf) were previously studied and sequenced, but their expression pattern in individual Bf venom and possible geographic variations remained to be investigated. We herein analyze the individual venom of two Bf specimens from Kolkata (designated as KBf) to address this question. Seven PL...

Knee orthotic devices are widely proposed by physicians and medical practitioners for preventive or therapeutic objectives in relation with their effects, usually known as to stabilize joint or restrict ranges of motion. The objectives of this work are to characterize the performance of knee orthoses using a Finite Element Model of a braced human leg. The interface properties of the model are c...