Ketamine is a widely used drug for its anesthetic and analgesic properties; it is also considered as a drug of abuse, as many cases of ketamine illegal consumption were reported. Ketamine is N-demethylated by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 into norketamine. The identification of the enzymes responsible for ketamine metabolism is of great importance in clinical practice. In the present study, ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies with intravenous (i.v.) application of ketamine show remarkable but short-term success in patients with MDD. Studies in patients with chronic pain have used different ketamine applications for longer time periods. This experience may be relevant for psychiatric indications. AIMS To review the literature about the dosing regimen, duration, effects and side-effects of ...

Background: Opioids are the mainstay of therapy for painful vasoocclusive episodes (VOEs) in sickle cell disease (SCD). Based on limited studies, low-dose ketamine could be a useful adjuvant analgesic for refractory SCD pain, but its safety and efficacy has not been evaluated in pediatric SCD. Procedure: Using retrospective chart review we recorded and compared characteristics of hospitalizatio...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of ketamine in attenuating morphine tolerance have been suggested to result from a pharmacodynamic interaction. We studied whether ketamine might increase brain morphine concentrations in acute coadministration, in morphine tolerance and morphine withdrawal. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Morphine minipumps (6 mg·day(-1) ) induced tolerance during 5 days in Sprague-D...

background pain control in children is still a therapeutic dilemma. preschool patients are affected from undesirable effects of postoperative pain more than adults. tonsillectomy is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain, not only complicating the recovery, but also delaying patients discharge. objectives despite employing different surgical and anesthetic strategies in post-ton...

OBJECTIVE To study the safety and benefits of parenteral ketamine and lignocaine infiltration among pediatric surgical patients with co-morbidities that would preclude the use of general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation/face mask in a developing country. METHODS This prospective study was undertaken at the Leadeks Medical Centre, Benin City Edo State, Nigeria between January 2002 ...

A 35-year-old man with a history of ketamine abuse for 2 years came to our outpatient clinic with dysuria and urinary frequency for 2 weeks. Acute urinary retention and gross hematuria occurred the next day after cystoscopy and hydrodistention of the bladder. He was admitted for blood clot evacuation under the impression of ketamine cystitis with blood clot tamponade in the bladder. He had repe...

BACKGROUND Ketamine is analgesic in experimental and clinical studies of inflammatory, neuropathic, and postoperative pain. Its role in the treatment of visceral pain is less known. The authors investigated the effect and site of action of ketamine on reflex responses evoked by urinary bladder distension (UBD). The effects of other clinically available N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antag...

The work presented in this thesis aimed to investigate the consequences and causes of ketamine abuse and compare them with the acute effects of the drug. Seven experimental chapters report the findings of a total of 9 studies: 5 with ketamine users, 3 administering ketamine to healthy volunteers and 1 with psychosis-prone individuals. Acute studies with volunteers demonstrated ketamine-induced ...

Ketamine is a commonly used short-acting anesthetic and recently attempted to treat pain which is a complication of diabetes. In this study we investigated the effect of ketamine on glucose levels of normal rats and diabetic rats. The results showed that no significance between the glucose levels in ketamine treatment group and saline treatment group at all time points was observed in normal ra...