Developmental critical periods for the induction of abnormalities by exposure to exogenous substances need not be confined to the early embryonic stage of organogenesis. The combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, two commonly used anesthetic agents, resulted in a corneal epithelial calcium deposition in 84% of rat pups whose exposure was limited to a single injection during the thi...

Raušer P., L. Lexmaulová, R. Srnec, J. Lorenzová, H. Kecová, M. Crha, T. Fichtel, R. Novotná, M. Dvořák, A. Nečas: Changes of Vital Parameters after Administration of Butorphanol during Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Ketamine-Xylazine Anaesthesia for Joint Surgery in Miniature Pigs. Acta Vet. Brno 2008, 77: 251-256. The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletam...

The objective of this study was to choose a suitable anesthetic combination for use in experimental surgical models by comparing the anesthetic and cardio-respiratory changes. Fourteen healthy male sheep were randomly assigned to two different drug regimens. In Group 1 the sheep were anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine (22 mg/kg im. + 0.2 mg/kg i.m., respectively). Anesthetic combination of k...

Previous work has demonstrated an influence of the respiratory cycle and, more specifically, rhythmic nasal inspiration for the entrainment of slow oscillations in olfactory cortex during ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. This respiratory entrainment has been suggested to occur more broadly during slow-wave states (including sleep) throughout the forebrain, in particular in the frontal and parahipp...

Objective- The objective of the present study was to define electrocardiographic data following intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine in Chough. Design- To determine the heart effects of anesthetics in intranasal administration, an experimental in vivo study was employed. Animals- Ten healthy Choughs were examined in the current study...

The combination of ketamine and xylazine is a widely used anesthetic for laboratory animals. However, due to an abuse problem in Japan, ketamine has been specified as a narcotic since 2007. Instead of using ketamine, Kawai et al. reported an injectable formula with an equivalent effect to the mixture of ketamine and xylazine [11]. The mixture of 0.3 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) medetomidine (Med.),...

Background: Several injectable anaesthetics and sedatives are used in various avian species for general anaesthesia. Birds are very sensitive animals and any mismanagement in a crisis can lead to immediate shock and death. Therefore, careful selection of the safest possible anaesthetic agent and dose is very important. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine...

Objective- Evaulation of analgesic and sedative characteristics of xylazine/ketaminecombination for caudal epidural analgesia in comparison with two routine agents in donkey.Design- Cross over study.Animals- Five healthy adult donkeys of both sexes with body weights ranging from 150-200 kg.Procedures- Three treatments [lidocaine HCl 2% (0.22 mg kg^-1), xylazine HCl 2% (0.17 mg kg^-1) and xylazi...

Objective: To compare romifidine and xylazine premedication in ketamine anesthesia of the dog. Design: Experimental design. Animals: Fifteen cross-breed dogs. Procedures: Animals randomly allocated into three groups of five. Group G1 premedicated by xylazine 1 mg/kg, G2 romifidine 40 µg/ kg and G3 romifidine 80 µg/ kg intramuscularly. All animals premedicated with atropine 0.02 mg/kg subc...