This paper finds that the long-term co-movement among commodities is driven by economic relations, such as, production, substitution or complementary relationships. These economic linkages imply that expected commodity prices, which are determined by convenience yields and risk premia among other factors, tend to move with each other. This source of co-movement is not captured by traditional co...

The problems of developing country dependence on a narrow range of commodity exports are well-established. Many poorer developing countries have continued to generate a substantial proportion of their total export revenues from one or a small number of basic food commodities. In addition to the problem of declining world market prices for basic food products typically exported from developing c...

This study aims to determine the priority factors in development of plantation commodities, including cocoa, coffee, coconut, and oil palm as substitutes East Kolaka District-Southeast Sulawesi.The method used is analytic hierarchy process (AHP) expert choice software 11. The AHP includes: (a) developing a hierarchy; (b) determining priorities, (c) calculating consistency ratio (CR). test (CR) ...

abstract:this study examines the significant impact of exchange rate shock on prices of malaysian importsand exports. in methodology, the study adopts vector error correction (vecm) model using monthlydata of nominal exchange rates, money supply, prices of imports and prices of exports covering theperiod of m1:1999 to m12:2006. for further analysis, we adopt an innovation accounting bysimulatin...

dried figs collected from various exporting companies (2,461 samples) and local stores (219 samples) were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) to determine and compare the incidence of aflatoxins, the effectiveness of the regulation limits and monitoring system to select non-compliant samples and the mean daily aflatoxin exposures. the incidence rates of...

iran is one f the biggest oil producer and exporter of the world. due to the special administrative and constitutional structure of the country, i.e. economic, social and political reasons, the government budget and revenues depend heavily on oil exports. the aim of this article is to suggest a theoretical proposal on the optimum level of non-oil exports such that it will clear up the idea of e...

Potatoes are a commodity that has the potential to be developed as source of carbohydrates support food diversification programs, increase farmer incomes, non-oil and gas export commodities, processed industrial raw materials. One products from potatoes typical popular with Indonesian people is balado potato chips. As product will ultimately consumed, course, value safety (food safety) in form ...

The study attempts to fill a gap in Malaysian forestry economics, an area relatively less probed compared to the other important primary commodities of Malaysia. The core of the thesis are two econometric studies. The first concerns estimating supply and demand elasticities of the three main Malaysian wood products sawlogs, sawnwood and plywood. Demand is split up into export and home demand to...

This paper derives a Phillips curve with imported commodities as an additional input in the production process. Given greater reliance on exogenously priced imported commodities in production then changes in output lead to a reduced impact on marginal costs and prices. The Phillips curve becomes ‡atter relative to the benchmark New Keynesian case. Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that...