Fast routing convergence is a key requirement for services that rely on stringent QoS. Yet experience has shown that the standard inter-domain routing protocol, BGP4, takes, at times, more than one hour to converge. Previous work has focused on exploring if this stems from protocol interactions, timers, etc. In comparison only marginal attention has been payed to quantify the impact of individu...

Hayakawa, Kazunobu—How serious is the omission of bilateral tariff rates in gravity? This paper presents a constructed dataset of worldwide bilateral tariff rates to explore the seriousness of omitting bilateral tariff rates from gravity equations. Results indicate, first, that omitting bilateral tariff rates presents no serious issue related to the omitted variable bias because coefficients fo...