This paper reviews the evidence on tax non-compliance and the “underground economy” in Canada, with an emphasis on the reporting activities of self-employed individuals and businesses. Indirect methods of estimating the size of the unrecorded sector are found to generate widely varying, and in a number of cases implausible, estimates of underground activity. More direct evidence from enforcemen...

This paper reviews the evidence on tax non-compliance and the “underground economy” in Canada, with an emphasis on the reporting activities of self-employed individuals and businesses. Indirect methods of estimating the size of the unrecorded sector are found to generate widely varying, and in a number of cases implausible, estimates of underground activity. More direct evidence from enforcemen...

In the paper, information on economic development trends in developed countries are analyzed. The current status of information society and economy of the country is reviewed and some recommendations are given for future development. The problems of Information Society and establishment of its innovative economy are studied. In this turn, development trends information economy in developed coun...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: GPR GPS GIS 3D underground utility mapping Uncertainty modeling Uncertainty-aware visualization Accuracy assessment Underground utility lines being struck is a long-standing problem worldwide, causing public service disruptions, project delays, cost overruns, property damage, injuries, and fatalities that cost billions of dollars each year. Utility strikes are at...

Nowadays we can observe the change of the structure of energy resources, which leads to the increasing fraction of a renewable energy sources. Traditional underground coal mining loses its significance in a total but there are countries, including Poland, which economy is still coal based. A decreasing coal resources imply an exploitation a becoming harder accessible coal beds what is connected...

Today, several actors within the Internet’s burgeoning underground economy specialize in providing services to like-minded criminals. At the same time, gray and white markets exist for services on the Internet providing reasonably similar products. In this paper we explore a hypothetical arbitrage between these two markets by purchasing “Human Intelligence” on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service, ...

Mining and mineral exploration play important roles in the global economy. In mining operations, communication systems play vital roles in ensuring personnel safety, enhancing operational efficiency and process optimization. Over the period 1920-2012, this article surveys the evolution of wireless communications in underground mines, the developments of the underlying technology, and progress i...