Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem across the globe with a prevalence of 15%-20%. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of nephrolithiasis, and calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of stones in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients. Calcium phosphate stones are frequently associated with other diseases such as renal tubular acidosis type 1, urinary tract infections,...

The kidney stones (renal calculi) are the most common medical problems that occur to the people, irrespective of age group. The ultrasonography is a versatile and noninvasive imaging modality often preferred over other techniques such as CT, MRI and X-ray for kidney stone detection. It does not use any ionizing radiation for its operation. However, the main disadvantage associated with ultrasou...

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (caused by SARS-CoV-2) has become a disaster all over the world. Based on available evidence, main organ infected this virus is respiratory system; however, various other vital systems can also be affected potential outcomes. One of critical organs kidney. Objectives: This study aimed to report and reviewed Risk Renal Stones in Patients With COVID-19 In...

Human civilization is facing the problem of kidney stones since ancient ages. Although mortality rate is not so high, yet it affects the victim's quality of life. The patient suffers from intense pain and many other symptoms modifying his life style and affecting his socioeconomic status. Many drugs and invasive methods have also been developed for the treatment, but these are highly costly and...

Treatment of renal calculi is highly dependent on the chemical composition of the stone in question, which is difficult to determine using standard imaging techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of scatter-sensitive X-ray dark-field radiography to differentiate between the most common types of kidney stones in clinical practice. Here, we examine the absorption-to-s...

BACKGROUND Although caffeine intake may increase urine calcium excretion, caffeine-containing beverages have been associated with a lower risk of nephrolithiasis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association between caffeine intake and the risk of incident kidney stones in 3 large prospective cohorts. DESIGN We prospectively analyzed the association between intake of caffeine and incide...

The natural question to ask is: Why does this odd behavior occur in the kidney stone treatment example? When comparing the treatments with the aggregated data, an assumption is implicitly being made that the decision for which treatment to use does not depend upon the size of the kidney stones. It turns out that this implicit assumption is incorrect, because open surgery was more often used for...

Objective: To access the safety and efficacy of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and methods: Since January 2001, 1000 consecutive tubeless PCNLs performed at our hospital were enrolled into this retrospective chart review. The average age of the patients (659 males and 341 females) was 54.4 ± 12.6 years, and 55 patients were 75 years old or older. The stone characteristi...

The formation of various types of kidney stones is strongly influenced by urinary pH. An alkaline pH favors the crystallization of calcium- and phosphate-containing stones, whereas and acidic urine pH promotes uric acid or cystine stones. The activity of many transport processes involved in calcium, citrate and phosphate handling are sensitive to changes in systemic or local pH as shown for sev...

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is an important morbidity. Metabolic factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus have been associated with stone disease. Because obesity and increased body mass index, which are characterized by thickening of subcutaneous and visceral tissue, are associated with kidney stones, we investigated subcutaneous and perirenal tissue thickness and stone size in pa...