Fusion protein technology represents the strategy to achieve rapid, efficient, and cost-effective proteinexpression. Epsilon and Beta toxins are the most potent Clostridial toxins and cause disease in animals.This study describes in silico fusion of Clostridium perfringens types D and B epsilon and beta toxin genesthat was used for cloning in E.coli. The etx and cpb genes were...

Advances in the design of the components for total ankle replacement have led to a resurgence of interest in this procedure. Between January 1999 and December 2004, 16 patients with a failed total ankle replacement were referred to our unit. In the presence of infection, a two-stage salvage procedure was planned. The first involved the removal of the components and the insertion of a cement spa...

background: chondromalacia patella is the most common cause of mechanical knee pain in young women. q angle and knee alignment are important clinical parameters for biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. objective: to identify the prevalence of knee malalignment and to find out if there is a correlation between knee mal alignment and q angle with age at onset of disease. methods: all patient...

background anterior cruciate ligament (acl) injury is the most common sports injury in both athletes and nonathletes; it can cause disability if not treated correctly. in cases with minor injuries, conservative treatments suffice. but, in cases with acl tear, surgery by different methods and autografts are indicated. the most prevalent method for acl reconstruction is the use of hamstring tendo...

background osteoarthritis (oa) is a multifactorial, disabling and degenerative disease that worsens with age and affects patient’s health-related quality of life (hrqol). objectives the current study aimed to assess if age and comorbidities have an influence on knee oa and knee replacement outcome before and after the surgery. methods a quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted on a s...

‘riiis study of immobilisation osteoporosis was undertaken when it was realised tluat the important observations of Gill (1944, 1947) upon epiphysial disruption and premature fusion at the knee were only a part of a much larger problem. The disturbance of bone growth associated with epiphysial fusion gave Gill’s paper its immediate importance. However, prololuged recumbency also produces widesp...

background:  there is still controversy regarding the best technique for ankle arthrodesis to acheive stable rigid fixation along with reconstructing a functional plantigrade foot. moreover, existing techniques have complictions related to stability, soft tissue covering, fusion rate, and exposure. methods: with the anterior approach exactly on the tibialis anterior sheath, the joint was expose...

background knee osteoarthritis (oa) is a common joint disease and several different physiotherapy protocols have been recommended to provide pain relief and improve disability in patients with knee oa. objectives in order to find the effectiveness of local vibration application on knee oa complications, a randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the changes in muscle torque, ...

fusion is a developmental anomaly defined as the :union: of two normally separated tooth buds or the partial splitting of one tooth bud into two buds. depending on the stage of development, fusion may be either complete or incomplete. the significance of this particular case was that this fusion occurred in a posterior permanent mandibular tooth, while such a manifestation is more reported in m...