The CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used for genome editing in livestock production, although off-target effects can occur. It the main method to produce genome-edited goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated primary goat fetal fibroblast cells (GFFs). Improving double-strand break (DSB) efficiency Cas9 would improve homologous repair (HR) efficiency. low HR remains a ...

Knock twice before invading eisseria meningitidis , also known as meningococcus, is a pathogen with a nasty habit of forcing normally nonphagocytic endothelial cells to engulf it, allowing the bacterium to penetrate cellular barriers. Hoffmann et al. now demonstrate on page 133 that N. meningitidis activates two distinct signaling pathways in host cells to cause actin cytoskeleton reorganizatio...

A knock-in American option under a trigger clause is an option contract in which the option holder receives an American option conditional on the underlying stock price breaching a certain trigger level (also called barrier level). We present analytic valuation formulas for knock-in American options under the Black-Scholes pricing framework. The price formulas possess different analytic represe...

Objectives:The expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are elevated in many cancers, and this overexpression is often associated with both a poor survival and a therapeutic outcome. Curcumin is an anti-cancer agent that also induces a heat shock response. HSPs confer resistance to curcumin-induced apoptosis in cancerous cells. The aim of the current study was to analyze variations in th...

Knock down efficacy of commercially available insecticides against Anopheles gambiae Nicholas K. Makworo , Vincent O. Ochieng, Dorington Ogoyi, Richard W. Mukabana