This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Russia’s trade and economic relations in modern conditions. The study analyzes the country’s major partners, domestic policies, challenges, opportunities for expanding ties with other regions. is based on range primary secondary sources, including statistical data, government reports, academic research. Our finds that partners are EU, China, US,...

The empirical “gravity” equation is extremely successful in explaining bilateral trade. This paper shows how a multi-country model of specialization and costly trade (i.e. a microfounded gravity model) can be applied to explain empirical exchange rate puzzles. One such puzzle is the fact that nominal exchange rates are enormously volatile, but that this volatility does not appear to affect infl...

present paper is an attempt to estimate the impact of economic and geographic indicators in trade among islamic countries according to a bilateral trade model as gravity model, and study the relationship between economy, geography and trade in this way. fixed effect version of the panel data estimation producer with oic member country data spanning over the 2007–2012. the result of this researc...

M ERCHANDISE trade is by far the best documented aspect of international economic relations. Trade data therefore offer a rich source of information on patterns and shifts in the allocation of economic activity around the globe. In this paper I describe global merchandise trade flows through the lens of intra-industry trade (IIT) indices, which quantify the extent to which bilateral imports and...

Present paper is an attempt to estimate the impact of Economic and Geographic indicators in trade among Islamic countries according to a bilateral trade model as Gravity model, and study the relationship between Economy, Geography and Trade in this way. Fixed effect version of the panel data estimation producer with OIC member country data spanning over the 2007–2012. The result of this researc...

When establishing the World Trade Organisation, the founding parties were "Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services, while allowin...