We propose a unified framework to study relational contracting and hold-up problems in infinite horizon stochastic games. We first illustrate that with respect to long run decisions, the common formulation of relational contracts as Pareto-optimal public perfect equilibria is in stark contrast to fundamental assumptions of hold-up models. We develop a model in which relational contracts are rep...

Almost all C4 plants require the co-ordination of the adjacent and fully differentiated cell types, mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS). The C4 photosynthetic pathway operates through two distinct subtypes based on how malate is decarboxylated in BS cells; through NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) or NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME). The diverse or unique cell-specific molecular features of M and BS cells ...

Prospect of timely cleaning livestock complexes from accumulated manure prevents environmental pollution. For this purpose, the most promising was “cold” method dehelminthization a heap manure, complete neutralization chicken when heated and dried at temperatures above 100 °C, “dry” for neutralizing horse, pig, cow, sheep helminth eggs using Kranz biothermal method. humans animals, science has ...

Heavy Metal Concentrations in Livers and Kidneys of the Otter (Lutra lutra) from Central Europe A. C. Gutleb, A. Kranz, G. Nechay, A. Toman 1 Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Josef-Baumann-Gasse 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria 2 Institute for Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Agriculture, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 76, A-11 90 Vienna, Austria 3 Ministry f...

In this paper, an eecient algorithm to implement loop partitioning is introduced and evaluated. We improve recent results of Agarwal, Kranz and Natarajan 1] in several directions. We derive a new formulation of the cumulative footprint, which enables us to deal with arbitrary parallelepiped-shaped tiles, as opposed to rectangular tiles in 1]. We design an eecient heuris-tic to determine the opt...

C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS—THE BASICS C4 photosynthesis is a unique blend of biochemical, anatomical, and gene regulatory characteristics. In the vast majority of C4 plants, i.e. with the exception of single-cell C4 photosynthesis in the Chenopodiaceae, this photosynthetic pathway is the result of the integrated metabolic activities of two distinct, specialized leaf cell types, mesophyll and bundle shea...

Leaves of C(4) grasses (such as maize [Zea mays], sugarcane [Saccharum officinarum], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor]) form a classical Kranz leaf anatomy. Unlike C(3) plants, where photosynthetic CO(2) fixation proceeds in the mesophyll (M), the fixation process in C(4) plants is distributed between two cell types, the M cell and the bundle sheath (BS) cell. Here, we develop a C(4) genome-scale m...