BACKGROUND Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway negatively regulates T-cell-mediated responses. The prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression needs to be defined in urothelial carcinoma (UC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 160 patients with UC were retrieved. PD-L1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a mouse mo...

Both positive and negative regulatory roles have been suggested for the B7 family member PD-L1(B7-H1). PD-L1 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), activated T cells, and a variety of tissues, but the functional significance of PD-L1 on each cell type is not yet clear. To dissect the functions of PD-L1 in vivo, we generated PD-L1-deficient (PD-L1(-/-)) mice. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell r...

Long interspersed nuclear element-1s (LINE-1s, or L1s) are an active family of retrotransposable elements that continue to mutate mammalian genomes. Despite the large contribution of L1 to mammalian genome evolution, we do not know where active L1 particles (particles in the process of retrotransposition) are located in the cell, or how they move towards the nucleus, the site of L1 reverse tran...

We investigated how the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 mediates neurite outgrowth through L1-L1 homophilic interactions. Wild-type L1 and L1 with mutations in the cytoplasmic domain (CD) were introduced into L1 knock-out neurons, and transfected neurons were grown on an L1 substrate. Neurite length and branching were compared between wild-type L1 and L1CD mutations. Surprisingly, the L1CD is ...

The L1 cell adhesion molecule is implicated in the control of proliferation, migration, and invasion of several tumor cell types in vitro. Recently, L1 overexpression was found to correlate with tumor progression of ovarian carcinoma, one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in gynecologic malignant diseases. To evaluate L1 as a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy, we inve...

BACKGROUD Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and driver mutations are commonly seen in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prevelance of PD-L1 over-expression and its prognostic value in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) remains poorly understood. METHODS A total of 214 NSCLC patients and 113 surgically treated pulmonary LEL...

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements whose extensive proliferation resulted in the generation of ≈ 34% of the human genome. They have been shown to be a cause of single-gene diseases. Moreover, L1-encoded endonuclease can elicit double-strand breaks that may lead to genomic instability. Mammalian cells adopted strategies restricting mobility and deleterious consequences of u...

Adhesion molecules play important roles in the development and regeneration of the CNS and PNS. We found that the immunoglobulin superfamily recognition molecule L1 influences proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. Substrate-coated L1 reduced proliferation of precursor cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased neuronal and decreased astrocytic differentiation when com...

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression either indicates immune inhibitory status or concurrent immune response. Although the relationship between PD-L1 and clinical outcomes has been studied widely in recent years, its role in prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we assessed the significance of PD-L1 in ESCC and its association with epidermal growt...

Objective: To explore the expression of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCH-L1) in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its clinical significance. Methods: 215 cases of ESCC were evaluated by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry for UCH-L1 expression and its clinical significance and prognostic value was investigated. Results: The positive rate of UCH-L1 was 4...