Introduction: There is great interest in using anatomical and functional neuroimaging techniques to understand both the topographical as well as the dynamic organization of cortical functional circuits with high spatial and temporal resolution. For example, fMRI has been used to probe the laminar flow of information [1], as well as the suppressive interaction of consecutive neuronal events in r...

The prediction of the entropy generation rate in laminar shear layers is treated as steady, even in the presence of high levels of free stream turbulence. Here we highlight the deficiencies of this approach by quantifying the magnitude of entropy generation rate fluctuations in the laminar boundary layer subjected to free stream turbulence. We find fluctuation levels in excess of 100% in the ne...

The history of Laminar Flow Control (LFC) from the 1930s through the 1990s is reviewed and the current status of the technology is assessed. Early studies related to the natural laminar boundary-layer flow physics, manufacturing tolerances for laminar flow, and insect-contamination avoidance are discussed. Although most of this publication is about slot-, porous-, and perforated-suction LFC con...

Neuronal migration disorders can now be recognised by MRI. This paper reports two families in which the mothers had subcortical laminar heterotopia and four of their children had either similar heterotopia (two girls) or severe pachygyria or lissencephaly (two boys). Laminar heterotopia was more evident on MRI T2 weighted images. The patients had mild to severe epilepsy and mental retardation d...

A laminar boundary layer separates in a region of adverse pressure gradient, undergoes transition, and finally the turbulent boundary layer reattaches, forming a laminar separation bubble (LSB). Laminar-turbulent transition within such a LSB is investigated by means of Laser-Doppler-Anemometry (LDA), Particle Image Velocimetry (mono PIV and stereoscopic PIV (SPIV)) and direct numerical simulati...

Analysis of previously reported observations of the solar wind-barium interaction associated with the AMPTE artificial comet release of December 27, 1984, is presented. On the basis of these results we argue that the solar wind couples momentum (and energy) to the barium ions through both laminar and turbulent processes. The laminar forces acting on the particles are the laminar electric and ma...

We have demonstrated the efficacy of a microfluidic medium exchange method for single cells using passive centrifugal force of a rotating microfluidic-chip based platform. At the boundary of two laminar flows at the gathering area of two microfluidic pathways in a Y-shape, the cells were successfully transported from one laminar flow to the other, without mixing the two microfluidic mediums of ...

Intracortical injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reveal a system of periodically organized intrinsic connections in primate striate cortex. In layers 2 and 3 these connections form a reticular or latticelike pattern, extending for about 1.5-2.0 mm around an injection. This connectional lattice is composed of HRP-labeled walls (350-450 pm apart in Saimin' and about 500-600 pm in macaque)...

Laminar corrosion defects, such as intergranular penetrations and stress corrosion cracks, are common in ageing aircraft. These defects are most commonly found in extruded and rolled sections made from high strength aluminium alloys; typical examples include wing and tailplane spar caps in widespread use in ageing aircraft. They present a significant problem in that the assessment of their sign...

An experimental study is conducted to determine local heat-transfer performance and mechanisms in radial flow through two parallel heated disks. Three distinct heat-transfer mechanisms are disclosed along the flow passage: steady laminar, periodic laminar, and turbulent. The heat-transfer performance is enhanced proportional to the 0.5 and 0.8 powers of Reynolds number, in the steady periodic a...