The effects of habitat fragmentation and their implications for biodiversity is a central issue in conservation biology which still lacks an overall comprehension. There is not yet a clear consensus on how to quantify fragmentation even though it is quite common to couple the effects of habitat loss with habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Here we address the spatial patterns of species dist...

The landscape is considered a strategic asset by the Tuscan regional government, also for its economic role, meaning that specific Landscape Plan has been developed, dividing region into 20 Units and representing main planning instrument at level. Following aims of guidelines European Convention, it necessary to develop an adequate assessment landscape, evaluating typologies their characteristi...

Although defining population structure according to discrete habitat patches is convenient for metapopulation theories, taking this approach may overlook structure within populations continuously distributed across landscapes. For example, landscape features within habitat patches direct the movement of organisms and define the density distribution of individuals, which can generate spatial str...

The structure of a tness landscape is still an ill de ned concept This paper introduces a statis tical tness landscape analysis that can be used on a multitude of tness landscapes The result of this analysis is a statistical model that together with some statistics denoting the explanatory and predictive value of this model can serve as a measure for the structure of the landscape The analysis ...

introduction the urban population experienced rapid growth in the recent decades, particularly between 1975 and 2000 when it has reached from 1.5 to more than 2 billion people. by turn of the century; half of the world's populations are concentrated in cities. this would severely affect the quality of life in urban areas. accordingly, cities will be faced with significant challenges in inf...