A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the interfacial tension (σ) in liquid−liquid systems with or without electrolyte components. The model consists of an equation for computing the interfacial tension of two-liquidphase nonelectrolyte systems and an expression for the effect of the electrolyte concentration. The dependence of the interfacial tension on the electrolyte conce...

The Langmuir–Landau-Centrifugal Drive (LLCD), which can effectively “convert” gravitational energy into particles, is explored as a driving mechanism responsible for the extreme thermal luminosity acquired by some active galactic nuclei (AGN). For this purpose, we consider equations governing process of heating AGN magnetospheres. In particular, examine Fourier components momentum equation, con...

A comparison of the linear least-squares method and a trial-and-error non-linear method of three widely used isotherms (the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson) were examined in an experiment using lead ion sorption onto peat at different temperatures. The four Langmuir linear equations are discussed. Langmuir isotherm parameters obtained from the four Langmuir linear equations using the...