BACKGROUND The current modality of choice for the treatment of Port-wine stains (PWS) is laser photocoagulation. Laser therapy for the treatment of PWS, especially with a pulsed dye laser (PDL), has been proven safe and effective; however, because penetration of the PDL is too shallow for an effective ablation of the blebs, treatment of blebbed PWS, using PDL, may be insufficient. OBJECTIVE W...

With the first experiments on laser cooling, it was realized that a principal application of the technique would be to reduce Doppler shifts in freqwncy stand9tds. Loser cooling is still thought to be eaxntid to achieve uncertainty significantly smaller than 1 part in io"; however, a number of other problems must be solved to achieve this goal with stored atomic ions. For both RF/microwave and ...

Stochastic cooling of trapped atoms is considered for a laser-beam configuration with beam waists equal or smaller than the extent of the atomic cloud. It is shown, that various effects appear due to this transverse confinement, among them heating of transverse kinetic energy. Analytical results of the cooling in dependence on size and location of the laser beam are presented for the case of a ...

Laser cooling in semiconductor structures due to anti-Stokes luminescence is reviewed. Theoretical background considering luminescence trapping and red-shifting, the effect of free carrier and back-ground absorption, Pauli bandblocking, and the temperature-dependence of various recombination mechanisms are discussed. Recent experimental results demonstrating record external quantum efficiencies...

The ability to cool, manipulate, and trap atoms using laser light has allowed a new, rapidly expanding field to emerge. Current research focuses on improving existing cooling techniques, and the development of cold atoms as a source for applications ranging from atomic clocks to studies of quantum degeneracy. This review explains the basic mechanisms used in laser cooling and trapping, and illu...

Laser cooling has given a boost to atomic physics throughout the last 30 years, as it allows one to prepare atoms in motional states, which can only be described by quantum mechanics. Most methods rely, however, on a near-resonant and cyclic coupling between laser light and well-defined internal states, which has remained a challenge for mesoscopic particles. An external cavity may compensate f...

*Correspondence: M. R. Tarbutt, Blackett Laboratory, Centre for Cold Matter, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW72AZ, UK e-mail: [email protected] The simple structure of the BH molecule makes it an excellent candidate for direct laser cooling. We measure the branching ratios for the decay of the A1 (v ′ = 0) state to vibrational levels of the ground state, X1 +, and ...

In the recent years, laser cooling has constituted one of the most active research fields in atomic physics [1]. However, the laser cooling techniques by themselves have not allowed to reach temperatures for which the quantum statistical effects become evident. In particular, only the combination of laser cooling, and evaporative [2] or sympathetic cooling [3] has permited in the last years to ...

OBJECTIVE Peri-implantitis is one of the most common reasons for implant failure. Decontamination of infected implant surfaces can be achieved effectively by laser irradiation; although the associated thermal rise may cause irreversible bone damage and lead to implant loss. Temperature increments of over 10ºC during laser application may suffice for irreversible bone damage. PURPOSE OF STUDY ...

This review describes the methods of trapping cold atoms in electromagnetic fields and in the combined electromagnetic and gravity fields. We discuss first the basic types of the dipole radiation forces used for cooling and trapping atoms in the laser fields. We outline next the fundamentals of the laser cooling of atoms and classify the temperature limits for basic laser cooling processes. The...