Like many species, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple different life histories in natural environments. We grew mutants impaired in different signaling pathways in field experiments across the species' native European range in order to dissect the mechanisms underlying this variation. Unexpectedly, mutational loss at loci implicated in the cold requirement for flowering had ...

objective: flowering time (ft) in cereals controlled by genes that had a main factor on plant development. methods: genetic and phenotypic diversity of four flowering time genes (ft2, ft3, ft4, ppd-h1) in 19 genotypes of cultivated and wild barley was evaluated and a total of 107 alleles were amplified. genotypes based on days to flowering time and molecular data were grouped into early, middle...

Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is a mechanism in flowering plants, to prevent inbreeding and promote outcrossing. GSI is under the control of a specific locus, known as the S-locus, which contains at least two genes, the RNase and the SFB. Active S-RNases in the style are essential for rejection of haploid pollen, when the pollen S-allele matches one of two S-alleles of the diploid pis...

Genes controlling the transition to flowering have been studied in several species, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), but have not yet received much attention in legumes. Here, we describe a new allelic series of late-flowering, photoperiod-insensitive mutants in the pea (Pisum sativum) LATE BLOOMER1 (LATE1) gene and show that LATE1 is an ortholog of Arabidop...

for a comparison and grouping of 72 almond cultivars and genotypes, 30 traits including; 12 phenological and vegetative characters plus 18 traits related to nut and kernel were assessed, according to almond universal descriptor. the results revealed that some such traits as growth habit, flower color, nut weight, shell hardness and kernel taste carried high coefficients of variation. simple cor...

A plant needs to flower at a suitable time of the year in order to produce a large number of viable seeds. Given its importance, it is not surprising that flower initiation is controlled by many environmental and endogenous factors. Physiological research in different plant species has identified numerous of these factors, leading to a multifactorial model of the control of flowering (Bernier, ...

Understanding the genetic basis of natural phenotypic variation is of great importance, particularly since selection can act on this variation to cause evolution. We examined expression and allelic variation in candidate flowering time loci in Brassica rapa plants derived from a natural population and showing a broad range in the timing of first flowering. The loci of interest were orthologs of...

Species responses to climate change depend on the interplay of migration and adaptation, yet we know relatively little about the potential for adaptation. Genetic adaptations to climate change often involve shifts in the timing of phenological events, such as flowering. If populations at the edge of a species range have lower genetic variation in phenological traits than central populations, th...