Background: Menopause occurs between the ages of 40 and 50, marks end a woman's menstrual cycle. A period time during which woman does not have monthly cycle for more than 12 months is known as post-menopause. Women may suffer challenges in their daily lives this period, such depression, anxiety, sleep loss, all can negative impact on quality life. decrease hormone production, estrogen progeste...

BACKGROUND Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women. However, this increased risk might be limited to the first years of use and to women who start therapy late in menopause. OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of continuous estrogen plus progestin therapy on CHD risk over time and stratified by years since menopause. DESIGN Wo...

Breast cancer risk is increased by early menarche and late menopause, suggesting that the long duration of exposure of the breasts to the high levels of ovarian steroids in premenopausal women increases risk. Recent prospective studies have shown that postmenopausal women who develop breast cancer have significantly greater prediagnostic serum concentrations of oestradiol than postmenopausal wo...

The partial trisomy 13q.22 is an uncommon chromosomopathy. We present a case with a partial trisomic component 13q22 and a monosomic component 5p15 from paternal origin. This patient developed early menopause and major neurological disorders as leukoencephalopathy, late onset generalised epilepsy and stroke. She also had fatty acids disturbances and their potential relation to the neurological ...

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in women is secreted by granulosa cells in late preantral and small antral follicles. AMH seems to be a very stable marker having some advantages over other biochemical and biophysical markers and is very useful in the assessment of ovarian reserve. AMH measurement may be used in cases of premature ovarian failure, including iatrogenic, due to treatment for cancer, ...

Abstract Introduction Every year, two or more benefits of the use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopause and andropause appear medical literature. We present an extensive review literature describing classical novel hormonal sex menopause. Additionally, we recent findings from our own patient population. Objective To contribute to presently known HRTs, additionally new practice not prev...

A woman has an increased risk of breast cancer if her lifelong estrogen exposure is increased due to an early menarche, a late menopause, and/or an absence of childbearing. For decades, it was presumed that the number of years of exposure drove the increased risk, however, recent epidemiological data have shown that early life exposure (young menarche) has a more significant effect on cancer ri...

BACKGROUND Although an increase of bone turnover has been documented at the time of menopause, the subsequent abnormalities of bone resorption and formation in the elder women have not been investigated. AIM To assess bone turnover among different YSM (years since menopause) groups of postmenopausal women. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A case control study in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND...

Menopause, the cessation of menses, occurs with estrogens decline, low-grade inflammation, and impaired endothelial function, contributing to atherosclerotic risk. Intima-media thickness (IMT) is an early subclinical biomarker of atherosclerosis. Inflammation may have a role on symptoms: hot flashes, anxiety, and depressive mood, which also are related to endothelial dysfunction, increased IMT ...

Many underlying psycho-physiological complexities can alter the normal manifestation of sexual responses in women. While these factors may be hormonal changes associated with pregnancy or lactation, medical or surgical debilitating illnesses, relationship issues or socio-cultural and environmental factors, a major hallmark along the life stages is menopause per se. The transition from reproduct...