The pterygospinous ligament extends from the pterygospinous process of the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, coursing inferior level of the oval foramen, to the spine of sphenoid bone in the infratemporal fossa. The ossification of ligament forms the pterygospinous bony bridge and pterygospinous foramen (Figure 1). In existence of this case, branches of the mandibula...

Feb 7, 2017. The center of the femoral tunnel (T) from the MPFL reconstruction was. .. Anatomy and biomechanics of the medial patellofemoral ligament. in patients with acute patellar dislocations. Anatomy. The medial retinacular. 3Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC in layer two are medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), superficial. .. mu...

Understanding of morphological structures such as the sphenoid spine and pterygoid processes is important during lateral transzygomatic infratemporal fossa approach. In addition, osseous variations such as pterygospinous and pterygoalar bridges are significant in clinical practice because they can produce various neurological disturbances or block the passage of a needle into the trigeminal gan...

The marginal nucleus is a congregation of large cells in the lateral portion of the spinal cord and is found in a number of vertebrates including man and is prominent in reptiles. Recent studies suggest that these cells are mechanoreceptors that respond to stretching of the spinal cord, and are unique in that they are located within the central nervous system. Studies on the marginal nucleus in...

Variations in anatomy of the tendons and ligaments are not uncommon cause a diagnostic dilemma. We describe novel ligament encountered ankle extending from posterior inferior tibiofibular to calcaneum. Awareness normal variant is essential during evaluation study.

Isolated injuries of the posterolateral corner of the knee are uncommon injuries in adults and are relatively unheard of in the pediatric population. This article reports a case of a 13-year-old boy who sustained an external rotation injury to his proximal tibia on a slightly flexed knee while playing football. Radiographs showed an avulsed fragment from the lateral femoral condyle. A magnetic ...