BACKGROUND In Brazil Leishmania braziliensis and L. infantum are the principal species responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases, respectively. Domestic dogs are the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis, while rodents and marsupials are the main reservoirs for cutaneous leishmaniasis. It has also been suggested that dogs could play a role in transmission of cutaneous leishmanias...

background : female sand flies of subgenus adlerius are considered as probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in iran. the objective of this study was to determine the morphological and genotypic variations in the populations of this subgenus in the country. methods : sand flies collected using sticky traps from 17 provinces during 2008–2010. the morphometric measurements were conducted with...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem in iran in spite of implementation of control pro­gram. this infectious disease caused morbidity in less than 27000 people in 2010. this study was set to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in fasa district, fars province, southern iran during 2011–2012. methods: a total of 4792 sand flies were captured by means of sticky...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES In Portugal, Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi, (Subgenus Larroussius; Diptera: Psychodidae) are the proven vectors of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. The Algarve Region in southern Portugal has been considered an endemic focus of leishmaniasis since 1980s. The main objective of the present study was to validate a molecular approach to detect Leishmania ...

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is caused by a diverse group of Leishmania classified within two species complexes: L. mexicana and L. braziliensis. Because distinct disease forms are associated with certain species or subspecies, prognosis requires taxonomic identification of the pathogen. Biological criteria allow identification only to the species level; thus, biochemical and immunologica...

Leishmaniasis is a chronic, vector-borne parasitic disease caused by flagellated protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which has more than 20 species. Usually, it that affects tropical and subtropical populations world. The transmitted through bite female mosquitoes Lutzomyiaen Phlebotomusen. clinical presentation its manifestations are variable, they affected species immunological state host. Gen...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in the tropics and neotropics. It is often referred to as a group of diseases because of the varied spectrum of clinical manifestations, which range from small cutaneous nodules to gross mucosal tissue destruction. Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be caused by several Leishmania spp and is transmitted to human beings and animals by sandflies. Despite its increasing...

Human leishmaniasis is a spectral disease that includes asymptomatic self-resolving infection, localized skin lesions, and progressive visceral leishmaniasis. With some overlap, visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are usually caused by different species of Leishmania. This review focuses on host responses to infection with the species that cause visceral leishmaniasis, as they contrast with sp...

The identification of breeding sites of sand flies is of great epidemiological interest. A soil emergence trap for investigating potential sand fly breeding sites is described. The trap was tested in two rural areas in the Mogi Guaçu River Valley where the American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease. Seventy-three sand fly individuals of three species, Lutzomyia intermedia s. l., L. ...