a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Bismuth Template stripping Surface roughness Crystal structure Young's modulus In this paper we present a method to deposit thin films of bismuth with sub-nanometer surface roughness for application to diamagnetic levitation. Evaporated films of bismuth have a high surface roughness with peak to peak values in excess of 100 nm and average values on the order of 2...

In the metal-amplified density assay (MADA), all the beads levitated at the same height in the developing buffer initially regardless of the concentration of gold-labeled protein that the beads were exposed to, suggesting that MagLev, at least in the form we implemented, was not able to detect the binding of gold nanoparticles onto the surface of the beads. The beads however, changed levitation...

Ultrasonic near-field levitation allows suspension of a moderately large object at a height of tens of microns above sound actuator. We developed an asymptotic approach to describe the air dynamics in the gap between an acoustic source and the levitating object. The suggested method allows computation of the lifting force. Due to resolving of both viscous and inertial effects, it remains applic...

An experiment is described in which monodisperse dust grains are levitated within a dc sheath above a conducting plate in argon plasma. For plate bias voltages that are not too negative ~>210 electron temperatures!, the observed dust levitation heights are near to values calculated from a model combining equations for the sheath with those for grain charging. When the plate is more negatively b...

Hybrid-electromagnetic suspension (EMS) system is type that vehicle levitates from guide-way. An advantage of this system is no energy consumption at nominal operating point which is maintains levitation using attraction force by permanent magnetic only. The EMS system is inherently unstable. It means active control needs to be incorporated for stable levitation. And it needs control method whi...

Several physical effects allow free floatation of solid and even liquid matter. Materials may be levitated by a jet of gas, by intense sound waves, or by beams of laser light. In addition, conductors levitate in strong radio-frequency fields, charged particles in alternating electric fields, and magnets above superconductors or vice versa. Although levitation by means of ferromagnets is unstabl...

The phrase “Levitation” refers to a class of technologies that uses magnetic levitation force wind turbines with magnets, which otherwise propel axles and bearings. Maglev (derived from levitation) turbine for the generation electricity. present scenario indicates demand electricity is increasing day by meet it many research are going on. Electricity through renewable energy sources has gained ...