Abstract The decriminalisation of homosexuality was a measure originally adopted by the bourgeois revolutions, which abandoned parties as rise labour movement led bourgeoisie to seek compromise with landlords, clergy and monarchy in different countries. demand decriminalise therefore taken over Marxist workers’ parties, such Social-Democratic Party Germany before First World War Bolshevik Russi...

Heterodox mystics and heretics of any kind can be sometimes dangerous and other times reliable depending upon political situations, as was the case with Bektashis in Ottoman Anatolia or in early independent Albania. The historical anthropology perspective taken in this article appears helpful in revealing that Bektashism is probably the mystical order of Islam that best exemplifies a transforma...