BACKGROUND Chronic administration of levodopa in Parkinson's disease leads to debilitating involuntary movements, termed levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The pathogenesis of LID is poorly understood. Previous research has shown that histamine H2 receptors are highly expressed in the input (striatum) and output (globus pallidus, substantia nigra) regions of the basal ganglia, particularly in t...

The debate continues around transconjunctival versus transcutaneous approaches. Despite the perceived safety of the former, many experienced surgeons continue to advocate the latter. This review aims to present a balanced view of each approach. It will first address the anatomic basis of lower lid aging and then organize recent literature and associated discussion into the transconjunctival and...

Language identification (LID) is a critical first step for processing multilingual text. Yet most LID systems are not designed to handle the linguistic diversity of global platforms like Twitter, where local dialects and rampant code-switching lead language classifiers to systematically miss minority dialect speakers and multilingual speakers. We propose a new dataset and a character-based sequ...

A middle aged lady was surgically treated repeatedly elsewhere for growth on right upper lid before presentation to this department. On examination she was found to have nodulo-ulcerative non-tender growth, about 40 x 20 mm in size involving the lateral three-fourth of the lid. There was associated mild conjunctivitis and palpable pre-auricular lymph node. Lid growth was excised followed by lid...