Like the arms of a dancer, which are waved following rhythm music but avoid colliding with her head or body; flexible expanded helicenes find different pathways to reverse their position depending on size and nature insert placed in innermost zone fjord. This work presents synthesis series in-fjord substituted an estimation inversion barriers through state-of-the-art quantum calculations. Inter...

The vestibular sensory apparatus and associated vestibular nuclei are generally thought to encode head-in-space motion. Angular head-in-space velocity is detected by vestibular hair cells that are located within the semicircular canals of the inner ear. In turn, the afferent fibers of the vestibular nerve project to neurons in the vestibular nuclei, which, in head-restrained animals, similarly ...

The newly emerging astacin metalloproteinase family comprises multiple members with diverse functions. Most recently, the development-related functions have been attributed to both (1) proteolytic cleavage and subsequent release of active TGF-beta-like growth factors from latent inhibitory complexes and (2) modification of extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly and composition. We previously ident...

Both CT scanners and MRI scanners can ‘slice’ the body in various directions. Horizontal scans are the most commonly used. Horizontal scans can be compared with slicing off the top of a boiled egg. To get an idea of what a horizontal CT or MRI slice is like, trace your index finger from one ear to the other, passing your cheeks and the tip of your nose along the way. This equals a horizontal MR...

A cDNA clone encoding a 253 amino acid tropomyosin was isolated from Hydra in a differential screen for head-specific genes. The Hydra tropomyosin gene, designated trop1, is a single copy gene, lacks introns and is strongly expressed in tentacle-specific epithelial cells. Analysis of protein synthesis in head and gastric tissue indicated a high rate of tropomyosin synthesis in head tissue. Immu...

In vertebrates, body musculature originates from somites, whereas head muscles originate from the cranial mesoderm. Neck muscles are located in the transition between these regions. We show that the chick occipital lateral plate mesoderm has myogenic capacity and gives rise to large muscles located in the neck and thorax. We present molecular and genetic evidence to show that these muscles not ...

Both CT scanners and MRI scanners can ‘slice’ the body in various directions. Horizontal scans are the most commonly used. Horizontal scans can be compared with slicing off the top of a boiled egg. To get an idea of what a horizontal CT or MRI slice is like, trace your index finger from one ear to the other, passing your cheeks and the tip of your nose along the way. This equals a horizontal MR...

Flying blowflies shift their gaze by saccadic turns of body and head, keeping their gaze basically fixed between saccades. For the head, this results in almost pure translational optic flow between saccades, enabling visual interneurons in the fly motion pathway to extract information about translation of the animal and thereby about the spatial layout of the environment. There are noticeable d...

While moving through their environment, medicinal leeches stop periodically and wave their head or body back and forth. This activity has been previously described as two separate behaviors: one called 'head movement' and another called 'body waving'. Here, we report that these behaviors exist on a continuum, and provide a detailed description of what we now call 'scanning'. Scanning-related be...

Car front design is based on performance and passenger safety requirements by regulatory and rating tests. Pedestrian safety tests are mandatory in regions like European Union and Japan while other regions do not have such regulations. These tests involve impacts of head-form, upper leg-form and lower leg-form to simulate collisions with bumper, bonnet edge and bonnet regions while excluding re...