In urine of diabetics, a significantly great inhibitory activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP-Dehyd) was observed compared with that of normal subjects. The 0.2 ml of urine from 41 patients with diabetes mellitus inhibited 0.5 units of GAP-Dehyd by 27.2 +/- 3.0% (mean +/- S.E.M.), while that from 17 normal volunteers inhibited only by 9.0 +/- 1.0% (P less than 0.05). This in...

Variability is increasingly recognized as a characteristic feature of cellular, synaptic, and network properties. While studies have traditionally focused on mean values, significant effects can result from changes in variance. This study has examined cellular and synaptic variability in the lamprey spinal cord and its modulation by the neuropeptide substance P. Cellular and synaptic variabilit...

Noradrenaline (NA), a key neurotransmitter of the endogenous pain inhibitory system, acutely inhibits nociceptive transmission (including that mediated by substance P), potentiates opioid analgesia, and underlies part of the antinociceptive effects of the widely prescribed tricyclic antidepressants. Lesions of noradrenergic neurons, however, result in either normal or reduced pain behavior and ...

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) has been used widely in various psychiatric disorders like depression and schizophrenia. there have been some reports of its usefulness in alcohol dependence and substance use disorders. the present paper reviews the studies done using rtms in substance use disorders including alcohol and nicotine dependence. various studies done have been rev...

Intracellular microelectrodes inserted into the soma of crayfish stretch receptor neurons record frequent fluctuations of the membrane potential. Time course, amplitude, and interval distribution indicate that they are miniature potentials. At the average resting potential the polarity of the miniature potentials depends on the anion used in the microelectrode: KCl electrodes record depolarizin...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of cultivated Angelica gigas Nakai (CAG) and wild Angelica gigas Nakai (WAG) extracts prepared by extraction with water, 30% ethanol, 60% ethanol, or 90% ethanol. The electron donating ability of the WAG extracts was higher than that of the CAG extracts and 0.1% and 1.0% solutions of the comparative substance, L-ascorbic aci...

The isolation of group specific B substance from human stomach juice is described. The substance is carbohydrate-like in nature and is as potent as the carbohydrate-like substance group A isolated from commercial pepsin and peptone respectively.