p.h.d student in history. in order to have an exact historical, cultural and political study of arabia before the advent of islam it's necessary to study the bedouin and nomads' lives in the following cases. sources: the pre.islamic arabs' poems and the interpretation and .1 proverbs which are remained of them will be used. history: the lives of inhabitants and desert dwellers wh...

ALTHOUGH Part I of this article, in the previous issue, focused on the Parliament of the World's Religions (Chicago, 1993) as a major inter-faith event, "faith" can usefully be understood in a broader sense than in relation to religion. Dialogue is a challenge in many arenas where the entrenched "beliefs", "faiths" or "religions" may correspond to political or ideological factions, philosophies...

In this article the author first gives an introduction to his own approach to comparative theology (CT). After some introductory considerations, an outline of the idea and foundation of CT is given and is contrasted with traditional approaches to other religions; the methods, goals, and also the limits of CT are discussed; CT is differentiated from religious studies and the theology of religion...

In this article, rational arguments and religious teachings that underlie the necessity of peaceful coexistence with the followers of other religions will be discussed. Moreover, the core impediments to coexistence, such as lacking self-knowledge and being ignorant about the others, will be examined, and practical ways for effectively interacting with the followers of other religions will be su...

The word spirit with a small "s", has many meanings. It may mean 1) one of the elements in man which is considered as separable from the flesh and animating the body; or, 2)a person, from the moral, emotional or-intellectual point of view; or, 3) a person's disposition, permanent or temporary mental attitude, or, predominance of the spirit over the flesh especially as manifested in courage, ene...