BACKGROUND The aim was to measure flagellin concentrations in the expectorations of CF patients and to examine whether there are correlations with the level of respiratory insufficiency and inflammation. METHODS Sputum samples from 31 adult patients chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa were collected and analysed for their content of flagellin and IL-8. Clinical data were extracted from p...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate antimicrobial gene expression in response to detection of specific bacterial products. Relatively little is known about TLR5, the only TLR thought to be preferentially expressed by epithelial cells, beyond that it confers activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in a MyD-88 dependent manner in response to flagellin. Because TLRs, in general, are also ...

When effector CD4+ T cells carrying integrated HIV-1 proviruses revert back to a resting memory state, the virus can remain silent in those cells for years. Following re-exposure to the nominal antigen or in response to other stimuli (e.g. pro-inflammatory cytokines), these cells can begin to produce virus. Here we demonstrate that TLR5 stimulation induces activation of NF-kappaB and reactivate...

Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function. Studies have shown age-related decreases in the expression and signaling efficiency of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in monocytes and dendritic cells and dysregulation of macrophage TLR3. Using a multivariable mixed effect model, we report a highly significant increase in TLR5-induced production of IL-8 from monocytes of older indiv...

In recent years, numerous nuclear receptor-interacting proteins have been identified that influence nuclear transcription through their direct modification of chromatin. Along with coactivators that possess histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or methyltransferase activity, other coactivators that lack recognizable chromatin-modifying activity have been discovered whose mechanism of action is largel...

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes an evolutionarily conserved site on bacterial flagellin that is required for flagellar filament assembly and motility. The alpha and epsilon Proteobacteria, including the important human pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, and Bartonella bacilliformis, require flagellar motility to efficiently infect mammalian hosts. In this study, we demo...

context triple negative breast cancer (tnbc) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that is negative for esterogen receptor (er) progesteron receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2). this type of breast cancer is typically high-grade carcinomas, although low-grade tumors occur. the aim of this review is to focus on molecular classification and features, prognostic markers...

The Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes flagellin of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and plays an important role in the host defense system. Here, we surveyed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence of the porcine TLR5 gene in 83 individuals from five pig breeds, these including Chinese local populations and Western commercial pig breeds. A total of 19 medium polym...