The many Early Ordovician crinoid discoveries over the past 30 years signal a largely undocumented radiation. new diversity totals more than five times previous known list as of year 2000. Camerate, cladid, and disparid clades had emerged by second half Tremadocian Series, early during this time. Many key features such their distinctive arms standard cup plating originated end Ordovician, Floia...

—The molecular era has fundamentally reshaped our knowledge of the evolution and diversification of angiosperms. One outstanding question is the phylogenetic placement of Amborella trichopoda Baill., commonly thought to represent the first lineage of extant angiosperms. Here, we leverage publicly available data and provide a broad coalescent-based species tree estimation of 45 seed plants. By i...

Pratylenchus penetrans is a pest for producers of oriental lilies in northern California. Concern over groundwater contamination from 1,2-dichloropropane following shank injections of 1,3-dichloropropene-l,2-dichloropropane mixture and granular applications of aldicarb prompted testing for alternative methods of controlling P. penetrans. In field trials, nematicides applied by drip irrigation (...