The septal area is an important anterior component of the limbic system. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere nestled inferior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum and anterior to the third ventricle and lamina terminalis (Fig 1) (1). This small area is contiguous with components of the limbic system curving around the corpus callosum (Fig 2) as well as structures on ...

Sleep architecture is often disturbed after a stressful event; nevertheless, little is known about the brain circuitry responsible for the sleep perturbations induced by stress. We exposed rats to a psychological stressor (cage exchange) that initially causes an acute stress response, but several hours later generates a pattern of sleep disturbances similar to that observed in stress-induced in...

The effects of diazepam, which acts at GABAA receptors to enhance the effects of GABA, and ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, on local rates of cerebral glucose utilization (ICMRglc) were examined in unrestrained rats. Four groups were studied: vehicle-injected controls; and ketamine-treated, diazepam-treated and combined ketamine- and diazepam-treated animals...

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder that affects structures of the limbic system, in particular, the amygdala. The amygdala constitutes a brain area substantial for processing of emotional, especially fear-related signals. The amygdala is also involved in neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, including skin conductance responses (SCRs) to emotionally arousing stimuli. ...

In this paper, we discuss the design of a cognitive model for emotionally labeled compositional design using sensory to auditory, visual and associative cortex pathways and a limbic system based model of neutral emotion processing. The auditory cortex portion of the model is trained uisng data based on music (neutral, happy, sad and angry); the visual cortex, data based on three layered paintin...