in this study, a bi-objective model for integrated planning of production-distribution in a multi-level supply chain network with multiple product types and multi time periods is presented. the supply chain network including manufacturers, distribution centers, retailers and final customers is proposed. the proposed model minimizes the total supply chain costs and transforming time of products ...

introduction: raman spectroscopy, that is a spectroscopic technique based on inelastic scattering of monochromatic light, can provide valuable information about molecular vibrations, so using this technique we can study molecular changes in a sample. material and methods: in this research, 153 raman spectra obtained from normal and dried skin samples. baseline and electrical noise were eliminat...

in practice, obtaining the global optimum for the economic dispatch {bf (ed)}problem with ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones is presents difficulties. this paper presents a new andefficient method for solving the economic dispatch problem with non-smooth cost functions using afuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm (faga). the proposed algorithm  deals  with the issue ofcontrolling the ex...