In this paper we are going to show that error coping strategies play an essential role in linguistic pragmatics. We study the effect of noisy speaker strategies within a framework of signalling games with feedback loop. We distinguish between cases in which errors occur in message selection and cases in which they occur in signal selection. The first type of errors affects the content of an utt...

Despite the increasing popularity of error treatment as a research subject, the effect of age as a potential learner-internal factor affecting choice of feedback is largely undertreated. Characterized by being at early stages of self-empowerment, young language learners are considerably vulnerable and in need of particular language input to meet their age-appropriate psychological demands. This...

This study aimed to investigate the instructor’s electronic feedback practices during COVID 19 Pandemic in terms of nature content e-feedback, formulation, challenges, and multimodal e-feedback. used a qualitative case obtain data from e-feedback three linguistic courses as delivered, practiced by single English language instructor. The via Blackboard WhatsApp platform follow-up interview were ...

Before engaging in a conversation , a message must be planned. While there are many ways to perform this task, I believe that people do this in the following way, in particular if the message is going to be long: first an outline is planned (global, or skeleton planning), which is then filled in with details (local planning, elaboration). Planning proceeds thus from general to specific (breadth...

We describe our experience in developing a discourse-annotated corpus for community-wide use. Working in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory, we were able to create a large annotated resource with very high consistency, using a well-defined methodology and protocol. This resource is made publicly available through the Linguistic Data Consortium to enable researchers to develop empirica...

This section considers the actual performance in poverty reduction of selected LDCs for which information is available in order to get an idea of which circumstances promote success and which do not. The analysis has to be carried out in a situation of extreme data constraint, especially for the SSA which has the largest concentration of LDCs. In view of the very different nature and extent of ...

In this paper, we define the concept of uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relation, and introduce some operational laws of uncertain multiplicative linguistic variables. We propose some new aggregation operators including the uncertain linguistic geometric mean (ULGM) operator, uncertain linguistic weighted geometric mean (ULWGM) operator, uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geom...

Lexical representation so far has not been extensively investigated in regard to language acquisition. Existing computational linguistic systems assume that text analysis and generation take place in conditions of complete lexical knowledge. That is, no unknown elements are encountered in processing text. It turns out however, that productive as well as non-productive word combinations require ...

This paper discusses user study outcomes with teachers who used Language Muse SM a webbased teacher professional development (TPD) application designed to enhance teachers’ linguistic awareness, and support teachers in the development of language-based instructional scaffolding (support) for their English language learners (ELL). System development was grounded in literature that supports the n...

Qualitative modeling may be applied when knowledge about a system is only available in linguistic form. The knowledge might be processed by a dynamic fuzzy system consisting of a rule base and an inference method modeling human reasoning. Conventional fuzzy inference methods do not consider this association to human reasoning and therefore are not suitable for the dynamic processing of linguist...