Because of the most common method of preparing the fuel-air mixture for gasolinefueled engines is port fuel injection (PFI). For reducing the wall-film entering the cylinder in liquid phase, the phenomena of wall-film entering the cylinder in liquid phase should be at minimum lever or be avoided. So the first thing for learning the wall-film is to detect the way of the wallfilm entering the cyl...

Reduced graphene oxide-osmium (rGO-Os) hybrid nano dendtrites have been prepared by simple liquid/liquid interface method for the first time. The method involves the introduction of phase-transfered metal organic precursor in toluene phase and GO dispersion in the aqueous phase along with hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. Dendritic networks of Os nanoparticles and their aggregates decora...

Liquid 4He shows a dewetting phase on Cs and Rb at low temperatures. These are the only substrates which are not wetted by 4He. On Cs the wetting temperature, Tw, is about 2 K. Usually one observes a thick metastable helium film remaining on the Cs substrate when either the surface is cooled below Tw (so starting from a wet film) or when bulk helium (in the form of a drop or an advancing film) ...

Liquid membrane processes have attracted many interests in recent years for removal of heavy metals such as cadmium from industrial wastewaters. In this study, a modified hybrid liquid membrane system is introduced. The setup is worked by applying the water-insoluble dioctyl phthalate as the organic solvent. N-octanol and tetra butyl ammonium bromide are added to the organic phase to increase t...

The photo-induced alignment quality of a ferroelectric liquid crystas (FLC) onto a photochemical stable azodye film was studied for various procedures of the azodye film photo-treatment and the FLC structure. The alignment quality of FLC depends mainly on the order parameter of the azodye film, however the structure of FLC layer is also important. So, the photo-aligned deformed helix ferroelect...

The understanding of the coalescence process between two drops is essential in determining the stability of liquid-liquid systems. By solving the equation governing the evolution of the continuous phase film trapped between two drops colliding at constant velocity coupled with that describing the surfactant interfacial concentration in the lubrication approximation, we show that the interface i...

In this paper, we discuss the results of our study of the synthesis of endohedral iron-fullerenes. A low energy Fe(+) ion beam was irradiated to C60 thin film by using a deceleration system. Fe(+)-irradiated C60 thin film was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We investigated the performance of the deceleration s...

We propose a new A-film-enhanced fringe field switching (A-FFS) liquid crystal display whose required dΔn value is only λ/4, which is one-half of a conventional FFS. Fast response time can be achieved by either decreasing the cell gap (d) or choosing a low birefringence (Δn) and low-viscosity liquid crystal. The effect of dΔn mismatch between A-film and FFS cell on contrast ratio is analysed. B...

We consider the feasibility of large-scale free-standing thin liquid film experiment in the space environment as a new realization to study two-dimensional hydrodynamics. We identify material and environmental criteria necessary to avoid freezing, evaporation, chemical degradation, and spontaneous collapse of the film. These criteria pose no obstacles to achieving films of kilometer scale and l...