Background In a system of two immiscible liquids, usually water (or an aqueous solution) and an organic liquid (e.g. an oil), there are two general types of dispersions which can be formed depending on the conditions of the system. A water-in-oil (W/O) dispersion is a dispersion formed when the aqueous phase is dispersed in the organic phase and an oil-in-water (O/W) dispersion is a dispersion ...

The structure of liquid water has been addressed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory. Exchange-correlation effects have beed described by the popular PBE and RPBE functionals within the generalized gradient approximation as these functionals also yield satisfactory results for metals which is important to model electrochemical interfaces from first pri...

The growth of biotechnology has led to renewed interest in the possibility of enriching valuable bioproducts using foam fractionation. This is a separation process in which surface active molecules are separated from a solution by sparging through bubbles of gas. Adsorption of such molecules at the gas/liquid interface causes enrichment in the foam formed above the liquid pool. Previous work ha...

the effect of magnetic field on the liquid-liquid equilibrium of two ternary systems (water + acetic acid + butyl acetate and water + acetic acid + dimethyl succinate) at 298.15 k under atmospheric pressure was investigated. the results obtained show that the strength of the magnetic field (0.02 t) affects the solubility of acetic acid in the used organic solvents. distribution coefficients and...

the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (dllme) method for determination of pb +2 and cd +2 ions in the environmental water samples was combined with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes). ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (apdc), chloroform and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and disperser solvent, respectively. some effective parame...

The instability of a Fermi-liquid drop with respect to bulk density distortions is considered. It is shown that the presence of the surface strongly reduces the growth rate of the bulk instability of the finite Fermi-liquid drop because of the anomalous dispersion term in the dispersion relation. The instability growth rate is reduced due to the Fermi surface distortions and the relaxation proc...

Object-oriented heat-exchanger models were developed to simulate the dynamic thermal effects of dynamic changes in fluid composition and thus of fluid properties in a type of liquid typical for food products. The models were written in the object-oriented language Modelica as objects in a library structure being developed to simulate complex liquid food process lines and their control systems. ...

The spectra of longitudinal and transverse collective excitations in liquid binary metallic Na(c)K(1-c) alloys are studied for pure components and four different concentrations. A theoretical generalized collective modes approach is used to analyze the concentration dependence of the dispersion of acoustic and optic branches in a wide region of wavenumbers. The dispersion of longitudinal collec...

separation of ten sedative- hypnotic drugs was performed by rp-hplc using mixed micellar mobile phase. effect of temperature, type and amount of organic modifier in mobile phase on efficiency (n) and asymmetry factor (b/a) showed that, the appropriate conditions for a good separation were 35°c and 7% (v/v) butanol in mobile phase.  variations of selectivity factor versus butanol concentration, ...

Experiments were performed in a scaled annular cavity design, to investigate melt dispersal from the reactor pit when the reactor pressure vessel lower head fails at low system pressure of less than 2 MPa. In the part of the experimental program presented in this paper, the fluid dynamics of the dispersion process was studied using model fluids, water or bismuth alloy instead of corium, and nit...