A growing literature of poverty traps advocates that social protection can be more effective in addressing poverty dynamics if it accounts for a critical threshold, around which both equilibrium outcomes and optimal behavior bifurcate. In this paper, we account for this type of threshold, and ask whether insurance can achieve the goals of social protection. Unlike traditional publicly-provided ...

The aim of this paper is to find out the what future holds in terms oil South Sudan. It looks at economy that aggregated comprising two major sectors both and aid dominating entire economy. Oil a player within Sudan Economy though residents nevertheless rely on other parts for example agricultural sector, livestock, commerce, others make their income from employment income. as well important si...

Current climate variability is already imposing significant challenge to Ethiopia. Therefore, farmers have faced income variability in almost every production season. Problems associated with dependence on rain fed agriculture are common in Ethiopia. Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability from such income variability is also common. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been us...

agricultural insurance is the most efficient tool for governmental supports to deal with hazards. also, it has the highest capability to deal with hazards. agricultural insurance can be one of the most appropriate mechanisms for investment security in agricultural sector. the main purpose of this study was analyzing factors affecting development of wheat insurance in hamedan county. this study ...

Food safety problems such as the BSE and dioxin crises focused attention on traceability systems and the certification of such systems. This study analyzes the status and perspectives of traceability systems and certification schemes, and reviews their potential costs and benefits. Results indicate that traceability and certification in meat supply chains comprise a very dynamic area with an in...

introduction: neglecting to define important criteria in developing a basic health insurance package and to notice their real roles will result in defining a package which is politically unacceptable, non-economical, technically inefficient or mixed of them. therefore development of basic health insurance package should be according to appropriate composition of influential criteria. this study...

payment mechanism health insurance is a serious challenge for policy makers, access to health, continuing care, need to technology, huge expenses a considerable part of health funds is collected. therefore organizing and designing appropriate policies for organizing, financing, payment mechanism for providers and role of diagnostic related groups system. in this study, our main objective study ...

Livestock including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs and poultry are kept under traditional farming systems producing manure, supporting crop production, insurance financing emergency cash needs, improving social status. The livestock feed resource base is mostly natural graze residues whose quality supply dependent upon unreliable rainfall patterns. Due to rising demand for cropland, overgrazing, bu...