OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of two monophasic combined oral contraceptives, containing either nomegestrol acetate/17β-oestradiol (NOMAC/E2) or levonorgestrel/ ethinylestradiol (LNG/EE) on endocrine function, androgens, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). METHODS Randomised, open-label, multi-centre trial involving 121 healthy women, aged 18-50 years old. Participants received NOMAC...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the potential usefulness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG - IUD ; Mirena) in treating women with uterine myomas. DESIGN Prospective before-and-after (comparing) study. SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. SUBJECTS Sixteen women with uterine myomas who intended to receive ...

BACKGROUND Menstrual bleeding disturbances are a common initial complaint among users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). In this study, women who experienced bleeding disturbances recurring after a previous period of problem-free use and who therefore wanted removal of their LNG-IUD were investigated. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors ar...

PURPOSE A controlled-release drug delivery of contraceptive steroids levonorgestrel (LNG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) has been developed by successful encapsulation of LNG and EE in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS Smooth, spherical, steroid-loaded PLG microspheres with a mean size of 10-25 microm were prepared by using the water/oil/water double-emulsion s...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to develop an animal model to test the response of endometrium to local progestin delivery. METHODS Proliferative human endometrium was subcutaneously grafted in two groups of SCID mice that received, 2 days before, a subcutaneous estradiol (E(2)) pellet and, for half of them, an additional implant of levonorgestrel (LNG). Mice were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 or 4 w...

Cases of ectopic pregnancy (EP) following levonorgestrel emergency contraception (LNG-EC) failure have been reported continuously, but whether there is an association between EP risk and LNG-EC is unclear. We concluded a case-control study to explore this association by recruiting 2,411 EP patients as case group, and 2,416 women with intrauterine pregnancy and 2,419 non-pregnant women as contro...

BACKGROUND Insertion of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) at caesarean section (CS) provides contraception prior to resumption of ovulation or sexual activity. Patient satisfaction with insertion at CS has not previously been studied. AIMS The aim of this study was to compare patient satisfaction with LNG-IUS inserted at the time of lower uterine segment CS to six weeks p...

Current interest in the shipment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has renewed the debate about the safety of shipping large volumes of flammable fuels. The size of a spreading pool following a release of LNG from an LNG tank ship has been the subject of numerous papers and studies dating back to the mid-1970s. Several papers have presented idealized views of how the LNG would be released and spre...

Systematic control structure design requires the use of a model of the plant. Developing rigorous plant models based on physical and chemical principles is often a laborious and time consuming task. This paper studies the effect of simplifications of the heat exchanger model on the resulting control structure design for the PRICO LNG process. It is found that significant model simplifications m...

CYP2G1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase expressed uniquely in the olfactory mucosa (OM). We have generated Cyp2g1-null mice to identify the roles of CYP2G1 in the biology and the tissue-specific toxicity of xenobiotic compounds in the nose. Homozygous Cyp2g1-null mice are viable and fertile; they show no evidence of embryonic lethality, morphological abnormality, or developmental deficits; an...