Carbonaceous aerosols influence the climate via direct and indirect effects on radiative balance. However, the factors controlling the emissions, transport and role of carbonaceous aerosols in the climate system are highly uncertain. Here we investigate organic tracers in ice cores from Greenland and Kamchatka and find that, throughout the period covered by the records (1550 to 2000 CE), the co...

The synthesis, characterization and functionalization of DNA-grafted supramolecular polymers are described. Cargo loading of the helical supramolecular assemblies with gold nanoparticles is demonstrated.

Particulate phosphorus (PP) is often the largest component of the total phosphorus (P) load in stormwater. Fine-resolution measurement of particle sizes allows us to investigate the mechanisms behind the removal of PP in stormwater wetlands, since the diameter of particles influences the settling velocity and the amount of sorbed P on a particle. In this paper, we present a novel method to esti...

During many clear twilights, much of the solar sky is dominated by pastel purples. This purple light's red component has long been ascribed to transmission through and scattering by stratospheric dust and other aerosols. Clearly the vivid purples of post-volcanic twilights are related to increased stratospheric aerosol loading. Yet our time-series measurements of purple-light spectra, combined ...

The temporal envelope of plasma density oscillations in the wake of an intense (I ,-, 4 x 10 TM W/cm 2 , Z = 1/an) laser pulse (400 fs) is measured using forward Thomson scattering from a copropagating, frequency doubled probe pulse. The wakefield oscillations in a fully ionized helium plasma (ne=3 x 1019cm -3) are observed to reach maximum amplitude (~ne/ne 0.1) 300 fs after the pump pulse. Th...

Wind loads on buildings can be quantified through synchronous measurements of pressure over building model surfaces or by high frequency force balance (HFFB) measurements. Although this loading information can be directly utilized for building design applications, current design practice often requires the transformation of dynamic wind loading to the equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). This ...

OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the fracture and cyclic fatigue properties of composite-dentin beams bonded with a self-etching adhesive in four-point bend. METHODS Beams of rectangular cross-section were shaped to a size of approximately 0.87mmx0.87mmx10mm and placed in a four-point bending apparatus, with the loading points 1.8 and 7.2mm apart, with the interface centered between ...

The diffusion of alkanes in nanoporous materials as measured by different experimental techniques is thought to be highly dependent on the measuring technique employed. However, when the data are corrected for the loading at which the measurement was performed, the different data series correspond with each other much better than expected.

Deployable Structures had not been designed for use in the oil field industry, and additionally have not been designed as devices to perform mechanical work. By analyzing deployable structures a detailed understanding of the mechanism kinematics has been developed. Further, we have analyzed new design concepts of deployable structures that include void filling alterations and snap fit strengthe...