By building computational models, Larkin and Simon (1987) showed that the effects of locational indexing give an explanation of ‘Why a diagam is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words', to quote the title of their seminal paper. This paper reports an experiment in which participants solved three versions of Larkin and Simon's simple pulley system problem with varying complexity. Participants used...

The existing and ever-changing geography of the city and its region is the end-product of innumerable conflicts over locational issues. The provision of public services, attempts to close schools, the enforcement and modification of zoning codes and the alteration of traffic patterns are familiar examples of the types of locational issues which confront most large and growing cities. Although p...

As their most critical limitation, neighborhood and health studies published to date have not taken into account nonresidential activity places where individuals travel in their daily lives. However, identifying low-mobility populations residing in low-resource environments, assessing cumulative environmental exposures over multiple activity places, and identifying specific activity locations f...

This paper proposes a new multi-channel noise reduction approach that can appropriately handle highly nonstationary noise based on the spectral and locational features of speech and noise. We focus on a distant talking scenario, where a 2-ch microphone array receives a target speaker’s voice from the front while it receives highly nonstationary ambient noise from any direction. To cope well wit...