Creep resistant ferritic steels based on Fe–2·25Cr–1Mo and Fe–(9–12)Cr have been used extensively in the energy and petrochemical industries for more than half a century. This is because they have an outstanding record of reliability in quite aggressive conditions over time periods as long as 30 years. The alloys have undergone progressive development throughout their history,1,2 particularly i...

To improve the modelling performance, one should either propose new modelling methodologies or make the best of existing models. In this paper, the study is concentrated on the latter solution, where a structure-free modelling paradigm is proposed to combine various modelling techniques in ‘symbiosis’ using a ‘master fuzzy system’. This approach is shown to be able to include the advantages of ...

Materials used for biomedical applications cover a wide spectrum and must exhibit specific properties. The most important property of materials used for fabricating implants is biocompatibility, followed by corrosion resistance. The main metallic biomaterials are stainless steels, cobalt alloy, and titanium and titanium alloys. Stainless steel was the first metallic biomaterial used successfull...

Several alloys described as stainless steel which resist tarnish and corrosion in the mouth are being used for a variety of dental appliances and instruments. Probably the greatest application of stainless steel is for orthodontic arch wires and bands, while a more limited use is for temporary space maintainers and crown forms. Root-canal files and reamers designed for endodontic operations als...

Feeding of the nickel-based alloys CZ-100, M-35-1, and CW-12MW, as well as of the austenitic stainless steel CN-7M, is investigated, using a combination of casting experiments and simulation. Casting trials are performed at five foundries, to produce a total of 55 plates of varying lengths and radiographic soundness levels. In order to develop the property databases necessary to simulate the ca...

continuous grain-boundary cementite can form and cause THE primary requirements for high-strength wire appliembrittlement.[4,5] Nevertheless, we have found that it is cations are tensile strength, ductility, and formability. Coldpossible to use pearlitic steels with carbon contents greater drawn plain-carbon pearlitic steels have commonly been than 0.8 wt pct without the formation of a continuo...

the quenching and partitioning (q&p;) process is a new heat treatment cycle to produce the third generation of advanced high strength steels based on diffusion of carbon from martensite to retained austenite phase. the application of this process for various steels leads to a remarkable combination of mechanical properties including high strength and good ductility. using this process in automo...