BACKGROUND Irrigation and instrumentation during ureterorenoscopic procedures may cause increased pressure in the renal pelvis (PP) with potential harmful adverse effects. In order to assess the pressure increases during ureterorenoscopy, we measured the intraluminal renal pelvic pressure during retrograde intrarenal stone surgery (RIRS). METHODS Twelve patients admitted for RIRS were include...

water distribution method based on the type of water conduits can be divided into two groups, namely, open and closed systems, while on the basis of the energy of the water flow, the two groups are gravity flow and pressurized flow. open channel type conveyance and distribution is achieved by gravity and includes channels made by embankment construction, excavation, or construction of prefabric...

PURPOSE This prospective study was designed to establish whether it is more effective to treat symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction by probing, or high-pressure irrigation, or both. METHODS During the period February 1991 to January 1999, 228 infants (300 nasolacrimal ducts) were examined (132 males, 96 females, age range 12-13 months). These patients were divided into three g...

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after an operative procedure. A preventable complication, they are costly and associated with poorer patient outcomes, increased mortality, morbidity and reoperation rates. Surgical wound irrigation is an intraoperative technique, which may reduce the rate of SSIs through removal of dead or damaged tissue, metabolic wast...

Objective. High intraluminal pressure during ureterorenoscopy (URS) increases risk of infectious and haemorrhagic complications. Intrarenal pressure may be reduced by the use of ureteral access sheaths (UASs), which on the other hand may cause ureteral damage. We have previously shown that the β-agonist isoproterenol (ISO), when administered topically in the irrigation fluid, is able to inhibit...

A proper understanding of factors affecting evaporation and drift losses in sprinkle irrigation is important for developing water conservation strategies. For estimating drift and evaporation losses during the set sprinkler irrigation event, several outdoor single-sprinkler and block irrigation tests have been conducted. Various sprinkler±nozzle±riser height combinations were used and the varia...

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes often present with pedal wounds resistant to standard wound healing modalities and become chronic in nature. These chronic wounds in diabetic patients have a high incidence of complications including infection and amputation. Negative pressure wound therapy has been found to facilitate healing of the stagnant pedal wound. This protocol was designed to determine ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of height, external pressure, and bladder fullness on the flow rate in continuous, non-continuous cystoscopy and the automated irrigation fluid pumping system (AIFPS). MATERIALS Each experiment had two 2-litre 0.9% saline bags connected to a continuous, non-continuous cystoscope or AIFPS via irrigation tubing. Other equipment included height-adjustable dri...

Modern principles for the treatment of open fractures include stabilisation of the bone and management of the soft tissues. Wound debridement and irrigation is thought to be the mainstay in reducing the incidence of infection. Although numerous studies on animals and humans have focused on the type of irrigation performed, little is known of the factors which influence irrigation. This paper ev...