A methodology to optimize handshake circuits is presented. The approach selects clusters of the initial handshake network for which signals representing internal channels within a cluster are hidden. To guarantee asynchronous implementability on the resulting cluster, state encoding is applied using modern structural techniques. The theory of Petri nets is used to identify clusters for which th...

The synthesis of emotional speech is still an open question. The principal issue is how to introduce expressivity without compromising the naturalness of the synthetic speech provided by the state-of-the-art technology. In this paper two concatenative synthesis systems are described and some approaches to address this topic are proposed. For example, considering the intrinsic expressivity of ce...

Last decade considerable work has been done in finding an objective distance measure which is able to predict audible discontinuities in concatenative speech synthesis. Speech segments in concatenative synthesis are extracted from disjoint phonetic contexts and discontinuities in spectral shape and phase mismatches tend to occur at unit boundaries. Many feature sets —most of them of spectral na...

This paper describes experiments with synthetic voices using unit selection [1] concatenative synthesis where portions of the database audio recordings are modified for the purpose of producing a wider set of phonemes than is contained in the original voice recordings. Since it is known that performing global signal modification for the purposes of speech synthesis significantly reduces perceiv...

Seeing the talker’s articulatory mouth movements can influence the auditory speech percept both in speech identification and detection tasks. Here we show that these audiovisual integration effects also occur for sine wave speech (SWS), which is an impoverished speech signal that naïve observers often fail to perceive as speech. While audiovisual integration in the identification task only occu...

Virtual articulatory targets are a concept to explain the different trajectories of primary and secondary articulators during consonant production, as well as the different places of the tongue-palate contact depending on the context vowel, for example in [igi] vs. [ugu]. The virtual targets for the tongue tip and the tongue body in apical and dorsal plosives are assumed to lie above the palate...

metal oxides play a very important role in many areas of chemistry, physics and materials science.the metal elements are able to form a large diversity of oxide compounds. in this investigation, wesynthesis sno2 and c,n,s-tridoped sno2 nanoparticles by precipitation method. the synthesizedsno2 and c,n,s-tridoped sno2 nanoparticles were characterized by instrumental analysis methods,such as x-ra...

one of the interesting topics on multimedia domain is concerned with empowering computer in order to speech production. speech synthesis is granting human abilities to the computer for speech production. data-based approach and process-based approach are the two main approaches on speech synthesis. each approach has its varied challenges. unit-selection speech synthesis and statistical parametr...

hydroxyapatite (ha) nano-rods with uniform morphology and controllable size have been successfully synthesized in the presence of cationic and non-ionic surfactants by a hydrothermal method. (nh4) 2hpo4 and ca(no 3)2.4h2o were used as the phosphorus and calcium sources, respectively. the composition of synthesized powders was characterized using x-ray diffraction, and fourier transform infrared...

background marine sponge/nano-cuo as a natural catalyst efficiently catalyzed the sulfonylation reaction of p-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chlorides with amines in order to prepare sulfonamides. the advantages included use of a natural catalyst, ease of handling, requirement of a very small amount of catalyst, mild reaction condition and appropriateness to high yield. objectives the current study aim...