Nowadays, physical models of head used in pedestrian head impact standard tests are not accurate enough to represent the human head behavior and to assess the head injury risk in case of impact in a realistic way. In order to remove this technological barrier, the Strasbourg University Finite Elements Head Model (SUFEHM) is used in conjunction with a lumped model of the impact point at bonnet l...

Numerous electrical analog models of the circulatory system have been proposed. However, conventional models are either too simple, focusing exclusively on heart function, or overly complex, characterizing arteries in excessive detail. The vessel beds, which comprise arteries, capillaries and veins, are well known to be responsible for most of the pressure drop in blood pressure and to dominate...

A new band-pass narrow-band, miniaturized and single resonance within a wide range of frequency band frequency selective surface structure with lumped capacitors suitable for low frequency and narrowband waveguide filter applications is presented. The filter structure consists of five unit cells in one direction with notch square ring elements each consists of two lumped capacitors placed on th...

An adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller. wluch combincs both the merits of adaptive backstepping control and sliding mode control, is proposed to control the mover position of a linear induction motor (LIM) drive to compensate for the uncertainties including the friction force. First, the dynamic model of an indirect field-oriented LIM drive is derived. Then, a backstepping sliding mod...

The stability and numerical error of the extended fourstages split-step finite-difference time-domain (SS4-FDTD) method including lumped inductors are systematically studied. In particular, three different formulations for the lumped inductor are analyzed: the explicit, the semi-implicit, and the implicit schemes. Then, the numerical stability of the extended SS4-FDTD method is analyzed by usin...

The Rainfall-Response Aquifer and Watershed Flow Model (RRAWFLOW) is a lumped-parameter model that simulates streamflow, spring flow, groundwater level, or solute transport for a measurement point in response to a system input of precipitation, recharge, or solute injection. I introduce the first version of RRAWFLOW available for download and public use and describe additional options. The open...

Article history: Received 31 March 2015 Received in revised form 18 June 2015 Accepted 30 June 2015 Available online 2 July 2015 Communicated by R. Wu

Contests are a common method to describe the distribution of many di¤erent types of rents. Yet in many of these situations the utilisation of the prize plays an important role in determining agents’payo¤s and incentives. In this paper, we investigate the incentives to expend e¤ort for a prize that produces consumption externalities and consider alternative regulatory policies. We …nd relatively...

Electrical analogy (Lumped method) is an easy way to model human cardiovascular system. In this paper Lumped method is used for simulating a complete model. It describes a 36-vessel model and cardiac system of human body with details that could show hydrodynamic parameters of cardiovascular system. Also this paper includes modeling of pulmonary, atrium, left and right ventricles with their equi...