when considering a patient with dysphagia, an attempt should be made to determine whether the patient has difficulty only with solid boluses (suggestive of mechanical dysphagia) or with liquids and solids (suggestive of a motility dysphagia). lesions such as an oesophageal tumor and external pressure effect from a lung tumor or aberrant vessel can lead to mechanical dysphagia. endoscopy and / o...

A new international statement defines usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) which is a histological and radiological form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) more precisely than previously. In the diagnosis of IPF, either in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) a UIP pattern must be present or alternatively specific combinations of HRCT and surgical lung biopsy findings can be accepted. I...

The recent development of intrathoracic operations upon patients with mitral stenosis has provided an opportunity to study by biopsy the changes in the hearts and lungs of these patients at a time when, although the disease is fully established, the general condition is still good. Since, in addition, the specimens are fixed immediately, all suspicion that the appearances seen are terminal or a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is a bronchoscopy procedure used to obtain peripheral lung tissue. Small size samples and artefacts lead to variable, and usually poor, diagnostic yield. The use of cryoprobes may enable larger size and better quality biopsy samples to be obtained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of TBLB with cryoprobes and an...

BACKGROUND Examination of specimens obtained through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is an important and often the initial diagnostic technique performed in patients with suspected malignant lung lesion. AIMS To evaluate the correlation of cytological findings of bronchial washings, bronchial brushing and imprint smear of bronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lung tumors, with histopathology ...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) as the British say, is a slowly progressive interstitial lung disease, which carries a grave prognosis. Current textbook knowledge infonns us that, after exclusion of other causes of diffuse lung disease by careful analysis of history, physical examination, chest radiography, clinical and laboratory tests [1], the di...

background: actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by non acid fast, gram positive, anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. the most common site of actinomycosis infection is cervicofacial region. bacteriologic identification from infected site or detection of sulfur granules confirms the diagnosis. we report a rare case of simultaneous infection of larynx and lungs ac...

A an initial diagnostic procedure in diffuse and localized lung disease, transbronchial lung biopsy ( TBB ) offers an attractive alternative to open lung biopsy. In the past, TBB was carried out by inserting a flexible forceps through a rigid, opentube bronchoscope or a catheter.’5 More recently, this technique has been popularized by passing the forceps through the channel of a flexible fibero...