Giant lung bullae have a large impact on respiratory mechanics1,2 and make ventilator management difficult in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The pathogenesis of lung bullae is varied. COPD-related emphysematous bullae are the most common type of lung bullae, whereas ventilator-associated lung bullae are rare. Treatment considerations include therapy for underlying disease, ventilat...

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a complex disorder of heterogeneous etiologies characterized by a consistent, recognizable pattern of lung injury and a potentially devastating form of acute inflammatory lung injury with a high short-term mortality rate and significant long-term consequences among survivors. recently, the new definition of ards has been published, and this definiti...

BACKGROUND In anesthetized patients undergoing surgery, the role of lung-protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of this ventilation strategy on postoperative outcomes. METHODS We searched electronic databases from inception through September 2014. We included RCTs that compared prot...

Acute lung failure is associated with high mortality and usually requires mechanical ventilation to ensure adequate gas exchange. However, mechanical ventilation itself can be associated with major complications and can aggravate pre-existing lung disease, thus contributing to morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal gas exchange is increasingly used when conventional mechanical ventilation has ...

Imaging studies describe significant ventilation defects across a wide range of cystic fibrosis (CF) related lung disease severity. These are unfortunately poorly reflected by phase III slope analysis-derived Scond and Sacin from multiple-breath washout (MBW). Methodology extending previous two-lung compartment model-based analysis is presented describing size and function of fast- and slow-ven...

Purpose of review: It was recently reported that a lung protective ventilation strategy resulted in no fatalities in 17 patients with ARDS secondary to lung contusion. Although the efficacy of a lung protective ventilation strategy to reduce mortality in ARDS patients has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms for this reduction remain unclear. Recent findings: ARDS is characterized by an...

This case is an anesthesia challenge and management of one-lung ventilation in a patient with pulmonary embolism the ventilated lung. A 50 years old male history thromboembolism segmental subsegmental branches left artery was posted for right decortication. He developed hypoxia (sp02~82-85% ) PaC02-EtCO2 difference ~30 mm Hg on initiation one lung indicating significant shunting blood V/Q misma...

INTRODUCTION In multiple study populations large tidal volumes (8 - 12 ml/kg) have deleterious effects on lung function in multiple study populations. The accepted approach to hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation is the application of continuous positive airway pressure to the non-ventilated lung first, followed by application of positive end-expiratory pressure to the ventilated lung. To our ...

Variable or noisy ventilation, which includes random breath-to-breath variations in tidal volume (Vt) and frequency, has been shown to consistently improve blood oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in various models of acute lung injury. To further understand the effects of variable ventilation on lung physiology and biology, we mechanically ventilated 11 normal guinea pigs for 3 h using ...

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase protein, which can be produced by a variety of tissue cells at the site of infection or inflammation. It plays an important role in innate immunity in the lung and in mediating acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical ventilation on PTX3 expression in multiple lung injury models. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challen...