We have examined the expression of vimentin during the differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1), which were induced to differentiate into macrophages by exposure to conditioned medium (CM) obtained from rat embryo fibroblasts. The synthesis of vimentin, which was examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, increased after 12-24 h of incubation of M1 cells in CM and the elevated...

The metabolism of delamanid (OPC-67683, Deltyba), a novel treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, was investigated in vitro using plasma and purified protein preparations from humans and animals. Delamanid was rapidly degraded by incubation in the plasma of all species tested at 37°C, with half-life values (hours) of 0.64 (human), 0.84 (dog), 0.87 (rabbit), 1.90 (mouse), and 3.54 (rat). ...

In order to clarify the peripheral mechanisms of ectopic persistent pain in a tooth pulp following pulpal inflammation of an adjacent tooth, masseter muscle activity, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) and TRPV1 immunohistochemistries and satellite cell activation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) w...

An analysis of Candida albicans ABC transporters identified conserved related α-helical sequence motifs immediately C-terminal of each Walker A sequence. Despite the occurrence of these motifs in ABC subfamilies of other yeasts and higher eukaryotes, their roles in protein function remained unexplored. In this study we have examined the functional significance of these motifs in the C. albicans...

Macrophages can be polarized into the inflammatory M1 lineage or the immunomodulatory M2 lineage, depending on the differential tissue microenvironment signaling, specific pathogens or cytokine stimulation. Tumor necrosis factor α‑induced protein 8‑like protein 2 (TIPE2) has been demonstrated to negatively regulate inflammation by inhibiting the Toll‑like receptor (TLR) pathway. The present stu...

Tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease involved in the progression of renal fibrosis. Pirfenidone is a newly identified antifibrotic drug, the potential mechanism of which remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pirfenidone on M1/M2 macrophage infiltration in nephrectomized rats. Nephrectomized rats were treated with p...

A somatic mutant cell line of murine T-lymphoma cells (S49), dGuo-200-1, has been isolated and contains a ribonucleotide reductase (Ullman, B., Clift, S. M., Gudas, L. J., Levinson, B. B., Wormsted, M. A., and Martin, D. W., Jr. (1980) J. Biol. Chem 255,8308-8314) with altered allosteric properties. The enzyme in dGuo200-1 extracts was inhibited only 50% by the allosteric inhibitor, dATP. Thus,...

It was reported that M1 monoclonal antibody (M1 mab) inhibited hamster sperm-egg fusion in a dose-dependent manner. The antigen was localized to the equatorial segment (ES) of the hamster sperm, and that after the acrosome reaction, it was exposed on the surface of the sperm plasma membrane overlying the ES. The M1 antigen therefore fulfilled the main requirements of a sperm component that migh...

The matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus is generally viewed as a key orchestrator in the release of influenza virions from the plasma membrane during infection. In contrast to this model, recent studies have indicated that influenza virus requires expression of the envelope proteins for budding of intracellular M1 into virus particles. Here we explored the mechanisms that control M1 buddin...

The last sentence of the ‘‘WNV DNA Vaccine, Control Plasmid and E-protein’’ section of the Materials and Methods should read: ‘‘For protein booster vaccine formulation the E-protein was adjuvanted with 10 mg Matrix-M1 adjuvant (Novavax AB, Uppsala, Sweden).’’ In addition, the following sentence should be inserted as the last sentence of the ‘‘Vaccination Procedures’’ section of the Materials an...