Occlusive disease of the renal arteries poses a major problem. Most cases result from atherosclerotic disease, and the prevalence of incidental renal artery disease detected during imaging studies for symptomatic coronary, aortic, and peripheral vascular disease ranges from 14% to 35%, increasing with age.1 Although many (perhaps most) of these lesions produce only minor hemodynamic effects, it...

Candida dubliniensis is an important human fungal pathogen that causes oral infections in patients with AIDS and diabetes mellitus. However, C. Dubliniensis has been frequently reported in bloodstream infections in clinical settings. Like its phylogenetically related virulent species C. albicans, C. Dubliniensis is able to grow and switch between yeast form and filamentous form (hyphae) and dev...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used in this work to obtain highly detailed spectra of artists’ red lake pigments and colorants. In the past, Raman spectroscopy has been successfully employed to identify many pigments and modern synthetic dyes. Unfortunately, red lake pigments and dyes commonly employed in artistic production from antiquity to the mid-nineteenth century are often...

This paper explores the use of portable Raman instruments to characterise natural dye lakes in paint mixtures, as an alternative approach other techniques (e.g. SERS). spectroscopy has indeed been used extensively study dyes pure substances or artistic pigments (dye lakes). However, examination these compounds with is particularly challenging because a strong fluorescence, relatively weak signa...

The start of the consumer society in Norway is examined by studying increased imports colorants and their constituents during 18th century. Based on historical customs records, 82 imported pigments dyes, 27 binders additives nine mordants auxiliaries are presented. Imports significantly middle at end century, representing two chromatic “revolutions”. This was especially evident for lead white i...