Between 2015 and 2021, Nyiragongo's lava lake level experienced a linear increase punctuated by fast intermittent drops. These drops occurred synchronously to seismic swarm at approximately 15 km below the surface extending laterally NE from volcano. To interpret these patterns in terms of reservoirs pressure evolution within Nyiragongo, we consider following simplified plumbing system: central...

The very high temperature contrast between magma/lava and water ice commonly leads to the assumption that significant melting will take place immediately upon magma/lava ice contact, yet observations of active flows show little evidence of voluminous melting upon contact. We use analytical thermal models to reassess the efficiency with which heat can be transferred from magma to ice in three si...

Period 08/15/98-11/30/00, Title Active Seismic Imaging of Axial Volcano, PI's William Menke & Maya Tolstoy. The region of Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge region provides an excellent opportunity to study the interplay between active "hot spot" and "mid-ocean ridge" magmatic systems. Important questions include how the two magma systems are fed; their magma and heat budgets; the degree of inte...

A volcanic crust may be produced as a result of magma ocean processes. Solidification of a magma ocean naturally produces a silicate mantle with denser layers near the surface, therefore unstable to gravitational overturn. The mantle is predicted to rapidly flow in the solid state to gravitational stability. Hot buoyant silicate mantle rising from depth will melt through depressurization and er...

Introduction: Volatile content of a planetary magma ocean has significant effects on the process of magma ocean solidification, on formation of an initial planetary atmosphere, and on subsequent mantle composition [1-5]. The heterogeneous partitioning of volatile phases during accretion and differentiation of the Earth and Mars can account for current volatile budgets without the need to invoke...

[1] Starting soon after the 1997 eruption at Okmok volcano and continuing until the start of the 2008 eruption, magma accumulated in a storage zone centered ∼3.5 km beneath the caldera floor at a rate that varied with time. A Mogi‐type point pressure source or finite sphere with a radius of 1 km provides an adequate fit to the deformation field portrayed in time‐sequential interferometric synth...

A model for the origin, ascent, and eruption of the lunar A17 orange glass magma has been constructed using petrological constraints from gas solubility experiments and from analyses of the lunar sample 74220 to better determine the nature and origin of this unique explosive eruption. Three stages of the eruption have been identified. Stage 1 of the eruption model extends from ~550 km, the A17 ...

This chapter presents the various mechanisms and processes that come into play within the volcanic conduit for a broad range of effusive and dry explosive volcanic eruptions. Decompression during magma ascent causes volatiles to exsolve and form bubbles containing a supercritical fluid phase. Viscous magmas, such as rhyolite or crystal-rich magmas, do not allow bubbles to ascend buoyantly and m...