Dear Editor, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is characterised by the impairment of consciousness, high fever, rigidity and autonomic instability. Although originally described in patients taking neuroleptic drugs, this syndrome may also occur in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) during withdrawal or reduction of levodopa therapy or other dopaminergic drug therapy and is called maligna...

A 25-year-old man presented for evaluation of aphasia and generalized seizures. Examination revealed café au lait macules, axillary freckling, and bilateral Lisch nodules. Surgical history included excision of an upper extremity plexiform neurofibroma and optic glioma resection followed by whole-brain radiation 20 years previously. His mother and maternal grandmother had also been diagnosed wit...

Malignant transformation of perineal fistula in Crohn's disease has rarely been reported. We report a case of Crohn's disease with recurrent perineal fistulas. A 36-year-old male, diagnosed with Crohn's disease at the age of 24, developed adenocarcinoma in an anorectal fistula that had existed for years. He was treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy but died. A high index of suspicion and regu...

With approvals for clinical use by health agencies in most industrial countries such as the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, Australia, Russia [1-3], Photodynamic therapy [PDT] is a very promising and minimally invasive treatment modality for various types of malignant diseases, including but not limited to cancers of lung, breast, bladder, pancreas, liver, ovary, prostate, skin, ...

PURPOSE To describe the MR findings of neurocutaneous melanosis in the brain and correlate these with the known pathology and proposed embryologic basis of this disorder. METHODS The brain (seven patients) and spine (three patients) MR scans of seven patients with neurocutaneous melanosis were retrospectively reviewed. In two patients, findings were confirmed at surgery. The pattern of centra...

non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) is one of the masquerade syndromes of malignant melanoma that can occur with two main patterns of presentations in the eye: metastatic involvement of uveal tract, and primary involvement of retina. we report ophthalmic, imaging and histopathological findings in the first case diagnosed as primary choroidal nhl without central nervous system or systemic involvement. a ...

Low back pain is an important cause of referrals in the primary care setting. Overall, 85% initial admissions are considered to be nonspecific low that resolves a few weeks without need for additional evaluation. Myofascial pain, lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, facet joint and degeneration, sacroiliac pathologies common causes mechanical pain. Non-mechanical includes infections vertebr...

Proteomics is a powerful method used to identify, characterize, and quantify proteins within biologic samples. Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are a common clinical entity and represent a diagnostic and management challenge due to difficulties in accurately diagnosing cystic lesions with malignant potential and assessing the risk of malignant degeneration. Currently, cytology and other biomarkers i...