Background: One important reproductive characteristic of Mammals is the production of milk to nurse the neonate. In order to better understand the evolution of milk we have investigated gene expression in milk cells from monotremes which are the most ancient representative of the mammalian lineage. Materials and Methods: Using a milk cell cDNA sequencing approach we characterise milk protein se...

Motivation A species’ diet is central to understanding many aspects of its biology, including behaviour, movement, and ecological niche. The diets terrestrial carnivorous mammals, defined here as species primarily consuming other mammals (hereafter, mammal-consumers), have been extensively studied can vary in the proportion different food types, species, consumed across their geographic ranges....

Abstract Dental morphology is a major aspect of ecological and evolutionary studies both extant fossil mammalian species. Mammalian dentitions are diverse feeding systems that can be defined through continuous numerical descriptors the enamel pattern. We developed comprehensive toolkit to quantify complex occlusal patterns from two‐dimensional images herbivore mammals, widespread in scientific ...

Background: The assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer and cryopreservation of gametes have considerably contributed to the development of biomedical sciences in addition to improved breeding in domestic animals and infertility treatment in humans. However, ARTs used in canine species have strictly limited utility when compared with other mammali...

DNA sequence data contains a wealth of biologically useful information. Recent innovations in DNA sequencing technology have greatly increased our capacity to determine massive amounts of nucleotide sequences. These sequences can be used to specify the characteristics of different regions, interpret the evolutionary relationships between categorized groups, likelihood of performing multiple com...

the respiratory tract contains numerous peptides secreted from special pulmonary epithelial cells whichare called endocrine cells. the function of neuroendocrine cells is modulated by amines. serotonin has strong vasomotor and bronchomotor effects in the airway mucosa. the objective of this study was to determine presence and distribution of serotonin-positive endocrine cells in respiratory tra...

The vegetation covering of a region has a direct correlation with climate. So if data is available for vegetation cover, the second variable (climate) can be easily predicted and in reverse. The dominant species in a region are indication of its climatic conditions and vice versa. Accordingly, this is of significance in the science of historical botany. Fortunately, from the first millennium A...

Recently, the size of the active stem cell pool has been predicted to scale allometrically with the adult mass of mammalian species with a 3/4 power exponent, similar to what has been found to occur for the resting metabolic rate across species. Here we investigate the allometric scaling of human haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during ontogenic growth and predict a linear scaling with body mass....

The introduction of mammalian predators, particularly stoats (Mustela erminea), to New Zealand led the decline in whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos), an endemic riverine duck. Stoat control for South Island has focused on valley floor trapping along waterway margins but increasing survival and productivity using this method is complicated by irruptive predator dynamics caused occasional masting...

We examined the presence of possible Recent refugia of Pleistocene mammalian faunas in Eurasia by analysing regional differences in the mammalian species composition, occurrence and extinction rates between Recent and Last Glacial faunas. Our analyses revealed that most of the widespread Last Glacial species have survived in the central Palearctic continental regions, most prominently in Altai-...