Schizophrenic (n = 21) and manic (n = 19) patients were followed up an average of 8 months after an index assessment during an acute admission. These patients were tested at both assessments with laboratory tasks measuring distractibility and reality monitoring and were examined with clinical ratings of positive and negative thought disorder. For manic patients, none of the measures predicted t...

bipolar spectrum disorders may often go undiagnosed or unrecognized. the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of bipolar disorder symptoms in iranian patients with a major depressive episode.313 patients with a current dsm-iv-tr (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. text rev.) diagnosed with a major depressive episode entered this cross-sectional study. thi...

According to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder, manic-depressive disorder) is characterized by marked mood swings between mania (mood elevation) and depression. The essential feature of bipolar I disorder (BDI) is a clinical course that is defined by the occurrence of 1 or more manic or mixed episodes; the essential feature of bipolar II disorder (BDII) is...

The use of atypical antipsychotics in treatment of psychiatric diseases is getting more widespread every day. These drugs are called atypical because they provide improvement not only in the positive symptoms, but also in negative symptoms. Also, they have less adverse effects on the extrapyramidal system and tardive dyskinesia, and they do not cause hyperprolactinemia (Stahl 2008). All atypica...

Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder is a serious, but not unusual problem for patients. Nevertheless, there are few biomarkers for distinguishing unipolar and bipolar disorder. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive and useful method for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration changes in the cortical surface area, which enables the assessment of brain function. We measured NIRS and...

The present study examined simultaneously the relations between cognitive reactivity to success and failure, on the one hand, and depression, manic, and bipolar tendencies, on the other hand. Participants (161 students) completed measures of success and failure reactivity, current manic and depressive symptoms, and tendencies towards depression, mania, and bipolarity. Results showed that respon...

BACKGROUND No study has investigated when preventive treatment with lithium should be initiated in bipolar disorder. AIMS To compare response rates among patients with bipolar disorder starting treatment with lithium early v. late. METHOD Nationwide registers were used to identify all patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in psychiatric hospital settings who were prescribed lithium ...

BACKGROUND Some studies indicate that mood self-assessment is more severely impaired in patients with bipolar disorder in a manic episode than in depression. OBJECTIVES To investigate variations in mood self-assessment in relation to current affective state in a group of individuals with bipolar disorder. METHODS A total of 165 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I or type II...

hypomanic or manic episodes must be elicited. Recommendations for improving the detection of bipolar disorder include careful clinical evaluations, inquiring about a history of mania and hypomania, and the use of screening questionnaires [11–13] . Many scales have been developed to assess manic/hypomanic symptoms. Some of these instruments are crosssectional measures of symptom severity, and, p...